ایران شناسی - قوم شناسی - جامعه شناسی

Zanjan from the Sassanid era to the fall of the Safavid dynasty (part five)

From: Dr. Mohammad Khaleghi Moghadam

specialization :urban sociologist

Bode Viya with its two old Sasanian and Vashkan neighborhoods and modernity has gone from memory! which is at least 2700 or 2400 years old urban neighborhood! Or they had above Zanjan Road, which had two old neighborhoods with 9 stairways, and therefore every day its people came down from the stairway and went to farm in the gardens or in the netting plots of Zangan Road! And the era of Amir Kabir lasted, or because of its strength, it could not be destroyed by traditional swords or catapults! 903 governors of 985 AH and most of them were Afshari rulers (this is also the case during the reign of Shah Ismail II Safavid) and it changed only from the period of gaining authority of Shah Abbas I in 996 AH! Or after the transfer of the capital from Qazvin to Isfahan, all of them were changed, so with the rise of Shah Abbas, and this time, the rulers of Iranian cities were changed, for example, with the removal of Khanin Afshari of the cities of Isfahan, Yazd, Kerman, Farah, Kahegiluyeh, Wenzjan, Sultaniyeh, Taram, Sawah, Bezvar, etc. Khanin were the great Afshar clan who brought the Safavid dynasty to power, and after Shah Abbas came to power, they were removed from the scene of ruling Iranian cities! And in his place, "Khwanin, Georgian, Armenian, Volzgi, and Circassian were appointed" and therefore, from the period of Shah Abbas the First Safavid onwards, most of the Safavid rulers of Zanjan were also changed, and most of them were appointed from other Iranian ethnic groups, for example, some Kurdish ethnic groups, and this time the ruler of Zanjan became Turkish or They were appointed during the period of Shah Abbas! Either he sent "Jabar Qoli Beg Afshar" to "Herat city" or he sent some of the "Afshars of Arshlu" to Isfahan, but after changing the capital, he dismissed them as well, or according to p. He also placed Afshar in "Narin Castle of Yazd", which Dr. Mahmoud Afsharizdi is one of their remnants, and in short, he dispersed all the Afshar tribes in the outskirts of Qazvin or Soltanieh, Vezjan, Taram, Kharqan, Vaqidarotkab, and their Mahons! In addition, he sent a part of the great Afshar tribe under the leadership of "Qasim Khan Aymanlu Shahar" to Urmia to fight with the Kurds in the region, of which the Qasimlu Afshar clan of Urmia is one of them! He also sent some to 25 military posts north of Kalat and Garza Khorasan to fight with the Uzbeks and attack Mashhad! Nadershah Garkhlo Afshar or his father Imam Qoli Khan Afshar are also among them! Therefore, Shah Abbas, who had a deep relationship with the English Shirley Wright brothers or with the members of the East India Company, and in addition, he had given the business of the newly built Shah Abbasi salons to Armenian merchants or European Christians, and later, by consolidating his power in Qazvin or by moving his capital to Isfahan and Haman. Khanin left aside Afshar, Vashamlu, or Stajlu, Vrumlu, and Taklu, who had brought the Safavids to power! And then, most of the Georgian, Armenian, Welsh, Sikh, Indian, Zanganeh, Kurdish, or Arabs made Hoyza the ruler of the Iranian cities! Therefore, it was with this political trick that the trade of Asian or Iranian cities changed, or the mechanism of the traditional markets of Zanjan and Iran also came out of the hands of the same Muslim traders, or this time it came out of the hands of Iranian caravan guards, or it was changed from the historical period of Shah Abbas, and this time and Varupai and their caravans were given by Armenian and Georgian merchants! Or in the southern cities and in the hands of the East India Company trading houses, for example, in the cities of Isfahan, Shiraz, Bandar Abbas, Bandarlange, Wizd and Boshahr, etc., which replaced the Seljuk and Timurid bazaars of Iran and Asia in the old era, and thus the European capitalist system and this time And it was formed in the soil of Asia or it was found by him and "cultural tradition"! And so Shah Abbas, after coming to power, and through Murshid Quli Khan Shamlu (or his nanny in Khorasan) and the same Murshid Quli Sultan Shamlu, or those around him, left him aside! ? In addition to this, they gave way to the rulership of Zanjan and to the same "Black Governor Mansour" and because during this period Shah Abbas was the only "Governor of Zanganeh and the ruler of Soltanieh and its south!" Also, pages 728 and 729 of the book "Rawzeh al-Safawiyeh" also mention that "the people of Afshar-Zanjan and other cities around it and in this historical period did not obey Shah Abbas Safavi, and in addition, the black governor Mansour also appointed Zangan River Bodul-Dazavi as the ruler of Zanjan, which included Turks and He also did not want to get involved with the "Afshar tribe of Zanjan, Sultaniyeh, and Bahroqidar" and he also mentioned on pages 199 and 200 of Mustofi's book "Zubdeh al-Tawarikh" or in the book "Naqawa Alatsar" of the Safavid era that: For example, he gives horses to some of them and the number of 41 mares, or to another 400 people he gave ordinary horses, and also on page 171 of "Tarikh Jahan Arai Abbasi" he reports about the arrival of Shah Abbas to Zanjan, and in addition to another European travelogue, he also reports on the visit of Shah Abbas Safavi. A witch woman in Zanjan remembers that she taught him the magic of attacking the Ottoman army. Or he also mentions the Safavid era after the death of Shah Abbas and another book, "Khalase Al-Sir", or on page 55 of his book, he writes: Or he adds that in 1038 AH when Shah Safi became the king, and this time he and "Safi Qoli Sultan" He appoints him to the "Emirate of Zanjan and Sultaniyeh" (reference p. 55 of Khalase al-Sir) and also writes on p. 96 of the same book: They are "Sunduk Sultan of Afshar" whom Olearius had seen as the ruler of Zanjan and the Sultanate, and the "Zulfaqari family of Zanjan" were not the main houses of Zanjan, and only the Afshar Qaltoq khans were south of Zanjan, who had taken over a large amount of the village in compromise with the Qajar kings or the Pahlavi family! But in the castle of Alimardan Khan of Afshar Zanjan, which was left after his death, and there were seven mansions, only 3000 people of the Afshari clans of Zanjan were killed by the cannons of Naseruddin Shah Qajar! In addition, in the fortress of Abbas Qoli Khan Afsharham or in 48 other collective fortifications of Zanjan, about 23 thousand people of the inhabitants of Zanjan were killed in the year 1266 AH, who had taken refuge in those strong fortresses of Zanjan (source: Book of Battle of Zanjan or other books) and in addition p. 168 of the summary book Al-Sirami writes: that Shah Safi came to Zanjan in 1042 AH and from Zanjan he went to Ardabil to visit the tomb of his ancestors and probably stayed at the Safavid Dar al-Hokuma in Zanjan at night, and also on page 195 of the same summary of Al-Sir, he mentioned that in 1044 AH there was a severe plague. It is found in Zanjan, Sultaniyeh, Wabehr, and Khalkhal! In addition, on page 403 of the book "Tarikh Jahan Arai Abbasi" he writes, "During the period of Shah Abbas II of Safavid and the ruling palace of Zanjan, Safi Qoli Bey, the son of Sarusultan Yesaul, was talked and sympathized with the fact that he collected taxes from the income of commercial caravans passing through the city of Zanjan, or from the chamber." He used to collect taxes from the traditional markets of Zanjan or from the endowments of his caravansary or from the villages of Zanjan and agricultural or commercial taxes and sent them to the court of Shah Abbas II Safavid in Isfahan! And the second Safavid caravanserai is also divided into pieces today and a small part of it has become a traditional cultural heritage restaurant in the south of Saadi Street, and also from the period of Shah Suleiman Safavid or from the period of Shah Hossein Safavid and his son Shah Tahmasab II, and there is no construction work in Zanjan. Safavid House of Darul-Hokuma in Zanjan belongs to the days of the former governments of Iran! Or it was the remains of the Sassanid military fortress of Kohandej, so they didn't give money to build the same Safavid governor's office or biglarbegi in Zanjan! Or they didn't even spend money for the construction of the mansion of Big Ler Begi Safavi in Zanjan! And only from Atha Ramrani of the 230-year-old Safavid rule in Zanjan, there is also the creation of a small underground support called "Hosseiniyeh Support" in the mentioned period, and it was recently built at the expense of the people of Zanjan! Or only after the revolution of 57 13, Shamsi and the great mosque of Hosseineh Zanjan were built, and in the same place, the contemporary people of Zanjan, or the facilities of the clinic, the library, or the adjacent facilities of Hosseineh were also built and only during the period of the Islamic Republic! The former support of Hosseinieh during the Safavid era is the only one under the ground of the current mosque and the current Hosseinieh renovation! And in return, they sent greetings to the Shia imams in the same small tavern, and in addition, around the same old Hosseiniyeh, there were residents of two old neighborhoods of Zanjan, who had humble houses from the Sassanid period, but in the same two deprived neighborhoods of Zanjan, with their own money and not with Safavid money. During the Safavid era, they had built only a few small takiyas of Naib Agha or takiyas of Lotf Ali or takiyas of Ali Akbar or very small takiyas of Seyyed Sattar! Therefore, the Safavid rulers did not pay for its construction! Therefore, all construction works of Safavid and Zanjan are like that! However, the Safavid family also has another civil works in Zanjan, and that is the repair of "Akhi Faraj Zanjani tomb" by Shah Abbas, which is mentioned in the book of Dar al-Irfan Khamsa! But the tomb of this mystic of the 4th century Zanjan was destroyed again during the attack of "Allahyar Khan Uzbek to Zanjan" or after the murder of Nader Shah Afshar! The Safavid and Mullah Bashi kings of the cities or Shaykh al-Islam had become the governments of all kinds of cities, or it was formed by the teaching of the government jurisprudence of the Arabs of Iraq and Jebel Amel in Lebanon and Iran, or it took place in the 50 jurisprudence schools of Isfahan and the teachings of the Safavid kingship, such as the Great Jeddah School of Isfahan. In the small Jeddah School of Isfahan, or in the school of Sheikh Lotfollah Jabal Amil Missi, Naqsh Jahan Square, Isfahan, or in the religious sermons of Sheikh Baha'i Jabal Amil, the Shaykh of Islam, Shah Abbas was Safavid, and that type of government religion was promoted, while all the kings Safavid and all of them were lifelong drinkers or womanizers, such corrupt kings are seldom seen in the historical period of Iran! Either in the Chahar Bagh school of Isfahan or in the Maryam Begum school of Isfahan, etc., it was formed that their government clerics and all of them were hired by the Safavid kings, and they only disseminated the "government jurisprudence of the Safavid kings" among the people and did not pay attention to its contradiction with the text of the Qur'an! And nowadays, Mr. Rasul Jafarian has also dedicated himself to the role of these scholars of Jabal Amil in Lebanon and the cities of Iran in several books, such as the book "The Role of the Kirki Family of Jabal Amil and the Establishment and Continuity of the Safavid State" or in two volumes of the book. "Politics and culture of the Safavid era" and explained, but he did not want to give an adequate explanation of how the government jurisprudence of the scholars of Jebel Amil living in Isfahan is against the texts of the Qur'an, or why it is against the text of most of the verses of the Qur'an, judicial and Islamic contracts of the Qur'an? Or is it against the Qur'an in judicial matters, or is it against the governance and endowment matters? Or is it against the text of most of the verses of the Qur'an and does not prevent moral abominations? And yes, this type of Safavid Christian kings who are descendants of the Christian emperor of Trabuzan or the "Commercial State of Venice" of Europe and do not have Iranian roots! And a deep rift between the Seljuk Asian Turks or the Timurid Turks or the Aq Quyunlu Turks and the Qaraqian Luvian Turks created the Afsharia state or among the Ottoman Turks of Asia and divided and disintegrated the Asian Islamic society! And Iraq and Azerbaijan or among the Turks of Turkmenistan, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Kazakhs, and Asian Tatars, and they were almost successful in their behind-the-scenes goals and for the benefit of the European colonial countries! And yes, the formation of the Safavid government at that time in the history of Asia was a kind of successful project of the East India Company in Asia, which destroyed and destroyed the cultural roots of several great empires of the Seljuk or Khwarezm Shahs of Asia? destroy it! And in this way, the Afshar tribes of Iran took the biggest hit, who gathered around Nader Shah Afshar to drive out foreigners from Iran, or because of their nationalistic spirit, their "ethnic identity" has been questioned for two centuries! And while the historical documents say In the past, they lived in which province and were known by which ethnic identity? For example, on page 119 of the book "History of Ilchi Nizam Shah" and in the year 940 of Shah Tahmasab's reign, he mentions the region of Zanjan and Sultaniyeh as an "Ethnic region of Afshar"! Oryya writes explicitly about its local management: in 940 AH, "Shah Qoli, Sultan of Afshar" and among "Ulusat and Vimaqat" in the areas of Soltanieh and Hamdan, they had boundaries and authority. How does Ozon Hassan Agh Qoyunlu welcome the joining of "Mansour Bey Afshar of the region" to his military camp! Either in the "Book of Diyarbakiryeh" he welcomed the joining of "Aqwam Afshar Tarem" and the government of Qaraqvinlu, or according to the book of Ahsan al-Tawarikh and Hassan Aq Qoyunlu, he also welcomed the joining of "Zain al-Abidin Tarimi" of Zanjan and to his government and called him the "ruler of Tarem region" slow and unlike the Safavid government, which abandons the "local rulers of Tarem" and other regions of the province! Soltanieh is in the east of Zainabiyah, and during the period of Naser al-Din Shah, the military regiment of the Qajar army and 48 collective trenches of the people of Zanjan rained cannons during 11 months, including 9 military forts of the Afshars or dozens of mosques of the Seljuq period or Qara Quvinlu or the Afshariya period. They will destroy or they will destroy several strong caravanserai in the bazaar, which were in ruins for 50 years, or they will kill about 23,000 people and the inhabitants of Zanjan! And later, he brought several different clerics from other cities of Iran to Zanjan and named the old mosques of Zanjan after them and gave them new names! From the year 1320 onwards, this time, the fruit or grain caravans from the surrounding villages were changed over the said bridges to the traditional market of Zanjan, and the Sassanid names of these three bridges were also changed by the Qajar families, and they were called Seyyed Mir Bahauddin Rohani Bridge or Seyyed Mohammad Bridge in Zanjan Road. One of the installed clerics was Nasiruddin Shah and Zanjan! 4