Hedge Zanjan and the evolution of ownership, ethnicity and its economy. Dr. Mohammad Khaleghi Moghad
Hedge Zanjan and the evolution of ownership, ethnicity and its economy
Research by: Dr. Mohammad Khaleghi Moghadam
Specialization: Anthropologist of Asian peoples
and sociologist of urban areas
The city of Hidaj and the two fortresses of Hosseinieh, or the Hasan Abad castle next to it, or the Sain castle and the Saru Jahan fortress around it, was one of the Seljuk's regions and castles, and according to the book of Nazheh al-Qulub, the said castles were destroyed during the Mongol attack, and the said lands were also in the east of Soltanieh and fell into the hands of the Mongols. For about 300 years, they were in these eastern areas of Soltanieh, and since the beginning of the Safavid government, some of the Seljuk tribes under Atabek Shamla Afshar returned to the region, which Shamla Afshar was the Seljuk Ghaz and Atabek Malik Shah II, and before that they fled against the invasion of the Mongol army and to Iranian cities and the mountains of southern Iran and Garmsirat. Next to that, for 300 years, they were just raising herds, and later, under the pretext of supporting the Safavid government, they returned to their former Seljuk ethnic region, or settled in the areas around Soltanieh, Abehar, Wasain, Qala, Vonjan, Qidar, and Takab, and the south of Qazvin, or in Kharghan, Vashal, Varamand, and Sajbalag, Karaj, and this was due to They and the Afshar people said that for about 100 years they supported the Safavid government in and around Dar al-Sultane Qazvin, until 7 Turkic tribes who gave power to the "Safawi dynasty" revolted and during three wars north of Sa'in Qala or north of Hidaj and the army of Shah Abbas Safavid were trapped. It was after that event that the Iranian cities were removed from the government and the Afsharan tribe or the remnants of the former Seljuk tribe also became the object of Shah Abbas's wrath, and this time Shah Abbas also gave the administration of the villages around Sa'in Qala or Soltanieh and Woznjan or Sajas to some "Kurd Khans" who They were among the Black Kurds of Mansour, Ottoman Turkey, and like Khalil Khan Black Mansour or Dalutyar Khan Black Mansour or Khan Kurd Kolani or Khan Zanganeh Kurd or Agha Khan Moghadam who migrated from Maragheh to the mentioned area and they were also during the rest of the Safavid government and the ruler of Barzanjan, Vasjas, Sultaniyeh, and Sain Qala. but there were still remnants of Afshar clans and clans (Seljuq origin) and they still remained in the area around Abhar Wasain Qala, Vazjan, and Jajas, and they kept herds. The names of their clans have appeared in the books of the Seljuk era and were repeated in the books of the Safavid era and in the government of Nader Shah Afshar. They gathered around him and formed the great government of Afshar, but after the assassination of Nader Shah and the regional government, it fell into the hands of the Qajar people, who were in conflict with the mentioned "Afshar people", and during the 105-112-year rule, the Qajar government was also the majority of the city. The Afshar settlements of Zanjan, Abhar, Sa'in, Qala, Hidaj, Sultaniyeh, and Jajas or surrounding villages have been taken out of the hands of the Afsharamzbor people again and again, and this time they have become part of the "real property of the Qajar state" or become part of the Qajar chiefs' property, and the resisting people are also killed, including They and the city of Hidaj and the ethnic transformation of that city during the Qajar era, and therefore the fate of the ethnicity or ownership and economy of the mentioned lands is as follows, or the fate of the Afshar tribes of Inanlu Abhar or the ethnicity of the city of Sain Qala and Hidaj also in the Qajar era and such that the Qajar family and agricultural land He makes them a part of his government, and this time the tribes of Afshar, Qort Biglo, or Afshar Inanlu, Abhar, or Sain Qala, Qorveh, and Hidaj were scattered to other parts of Iran, or they were sent to fight, which in the historical sources of this era, such as the books of Naskh al-Tawarikh, Marat al-Baldan, or A selection of al-Tawarikh etc. has come
And I must say that the city of Hidaj was mentioned in the historical sources of the Ilkhanid period, and the Mongols in their era mentioned the name of Hidaj with the name "Abadi" (Hei Hi), the ministers that the Mongols built a chapar house in Hidaj during the Mongol period, but in the historical sources of the four governments after the Mongols And there is no more mention of the small town of Hidaj and its shop, and only after the destruction of the Afshars by Shah Abbas Safavi and Hidaj's abadi, it was mentioned a little in the travelogues of Europeans, but in the sources of the Qajar era, there are many mentions of the "city of Hidj" and its land ownership conflicts! Reason and From the city of Hidaj and in the historical sources of the Ilkhanid era or after the expulsion of the Seljuqs from that area and during the Mongols' domination over the lands and villages of the Seljuqs of that region, the settlement came under the name of "Hei Hi" or "Hodj", which later became the word "Hidej" and in the east Zanjan province becomes and it is also necessary to mention that during the Mongol period, one of the Mongol princesses, while traveling with "Hodge camel" fell to the ground and died in this small settlement, and from that date onward, the name of the said settlement was "Hodge or Hedge". It is called "and although Hamdullah Mustofi mentioned the history and settlement of Sa'in Castle next to it and the name "Qahud Castle", or he mentions the destruction of that important Seljuk castle during the Mongol period, or he mentions the Abhar Castle in the Seljuk era, but from Abadi Hidaj was not named at the beginning of the Mongol invasion! Even now, the name of the tomb of this Mongol prince in one of the districts of Hidaj and the name of the tomb is "Hi Hi Mardan" during the Qajar period, and Abadi Hidaj grew due to the fertility of its agricultural lands and became an "important village". and this time the population of several villages around it will be absorbed by itself, and for example, the population of several villages such as Walideh, Ronjak, Kolaj, Jafabad, Ali Abad, Nodeh, and Kharman Lo will be forcibly absorbed and become larger, and also because it is located in the watershed area. The land was fertile or had suitable soil, and in addition, several aqueducts around it were connected to each other in the area of Hidaj, and the irrigation river became large, and then it passed through the area of Hidaj city and became larger, and finally "after passing Khormadreh" it entered the river Khane Abhar Rood, and also in historical sources It has been said that after three wars in the hills north of Sa'in Qala and north of Hedgej, this time the Afshar tribes were suppressed by the Safavid government, and it is from this period of history that European tourists at the end of the Safavid era, either in the year 1082 AH, passed through the settlement of Hedgej, or in a caravanserai. Hidaj resided, which used to be a "Mongolian camp of the Ilkhanid era" or a "printing house of the Timurid era" and later it became a printing house of the Qajar era and a coffee house next to it, so Charden mentions the name of Hidaj's settlement in his Safavid era travel letter and writes that "Abadi Hei Hi or Hidej is a large, noble and beautiful settlement in Qalamestan! And he also adds that near it is Hidej and the settlement of Sain Qala (or San Qala) or Hasan Qala (Moghadam clan's castle). It should also be noted that Moghadam clan and During the period of Shah Abbas I, they were moved from Maragheh to the villages north of Soltanieh and north of Abhar (source of Al-Sir's summary) and during the period of the Mongols, Timurids, the government of Qara Quyunlu, Aq Quyunlu, and the beginning of the Safavid era, they were not in the mentioned region!Rather, only by Shah Abbas I or after the suppression of the Afshar Arshalwooder clan, they brought the Moghadam clan to the Mezborwan area, or with the leadership of Agha Khan Moghadam, they were reduced to the villages of Zikr, Chergar, Khorasanlu, north of Soltanieh, and even the villages north of Abhar, and in addition to the southern villages of Hidaj and Sa'in Qala and Abhar, and most of The clans of Afshar Qort Biglo or Afshar Inanlu were mentioned in the book of Marat Al-Boland and books of the Qajar era. It mentions the settlement of Chale Magar "and around Hidaj, and it is noted that the mentioned villages belonged to the tribe of Afshar Qort Biglo, or on page 2224 of Marat Al-Baldan, it is also discussed about Abadi Chashin Abharrood and south of Hidaj, which was "the place of the summer residence of Afshar Inanlu" which are from the southwestern mountains of Abhar, and on pages 1953 of that book Marat al-Buldan and Waz Qashlaqat of Inanlu Abhar and the famous villages of Karaj, or on pages 2194, 2224, 1484, 2057, and 2268 of the same Marat al-Buldan and waz dahats and villages of Inanlu Abhar, or about their settlements and Bezineh Road It is mentioned around Abhar or in the group of Abhar, and it has been discussed about the settlements of the Inanlu people in the villages of Hajib Eshthard, and also in the book of Alam Arai Abbasi, the "Afshar Inanlu people" were mentioned in the Safavid period, and also about some "Kwanin Inanlu" who were in the service of the Qajar kings. They had entered and it is mentioned in the books of "Muntazem Naseri" or in the book "Selected Al-Tawarikh" and also by other social reporters of Hidaj and during the period of Muhammad Shah Qajar or in 1255 AH, he saw the city of Hidaj and it is the same travelogue of the French Comte Ducerse that in the year He has passed through Hedge, and in the mentioned year, he writes in his travelogue that "Hidasht or Hedge" is a large valley with 800 inhabitants, and there are good buildings in that settlement, and in addition, a large stream flows through Hedge, which after reaching It is called Khorramdara and "Kabir Rood" and then it passes through the valley of "Khorram Dara" and connects to Abhar Rood. In addition, there is another writer of the Qajar era and "Mirza Ali Sar Nashedar" who wrote in 1288 AH or in the "Naseri era" "Vaz Hidaj had passed, and he writes that: Hidj Tiwal is Mirza Taqi Rukn al-Dawlah Qajar, who was the ruler of Zanjan during the Nasrid era, and he also writes that: the printing house of Mirza Muhammad Hossein, the minister of Zanjani, is also located in Hidj, and it is also during the historical period that Nasir al-Din Shah With his 30 regiments of artillery, he destroyed Woznjan or confiscated its villages, and also gave Zanjan and its villages to the Qajar rulers as a "government gift", and Naser al-Din Shah also built a religious school or seminary for Mullah Mullah Ali Hidji to endow the surrounding villages. There were also 500 students and settled there in order to spread propaganda that the villages around Hidaj or Sain Qala and Khormadreh were dedicated and to change the property claims of the rebellious Afshar people in the said area? And under the title of this slogan, would it be possible to make the mentioned villages and the properties of the Khalsa Qajar? And including the agricultural lands of Kharman Lo village around the hedge and endowment, it was announced that it used to be Malik Muhammad Ali Khan, that the son of Reza Qoli Khan Nasqchi Bashi, Agha Muhammad Khan is a Qajar!In addition, there are other people who visited Hidaj during the Qajar era, and Naser al-Din Shah himself, who spent lunch in Hidij's large settlement and saw its many gardens, and also wrote in his travel book that: Hidij has a very reliable aqueduct that is as big as four It has water stones and eventually flows into the Kabir river of Khorramdare river, and Naser al-Din Shah, on his third trip to Farangistan, also passes through "Hidej" and writes that: "Hidej is a large ten that was bought by "Sardar Bey Postchi of Qajar" and also Zafa. It is said that it is located next to Hidaj and the small fortress of Hossein Abad (now Hosseiniyeh Castle), which is the owner of Mir Shekar Moghadam and the "Moghadam clan" and also had a civil conflict with the new inhabitants of Hidaj, and also Hasan Khan Moghadam, who is in "Hasan Qala" near Hidaj. He sits and also Nasir Abad is the settlement of Malik Hassan Khan Moghadam, and in another source of the Qajar period, Nusratullah Khan Moghadam is also mentioned, who was the ruler of the city of Khorramdara for a while, which is located next to Hidaj (Source: Memoirs of Ain al-Sultaneh, pp. 111 and 33). In addition, Naser al-Din Shah writes in his third Farangistan travelogue that: (Hedge lands are soft and good and full of greenery, and it does not have a stone or a lot of oily yellow flowers, and it is neither cold nor hot!) And this is the reason that Later, because of its fertility or due to its suitable weather and good grape fields, it is formed in the area, and they decide to make Hedge or Khurmadreh and the castle as part of the Khalsa Qajar properties! In addition, Abbas Mirzamalek Araqajarham or his half-brother Naseruddin Shah also writes in his memoirs in the Qajar era about Hidaj: We reached the village of Hidaj, which is the village of Azal Doulah Qajar, and it is also a village, and Mullah Ali Hidji's school is also located there, but it is inhabited. Hidaj complained that Mustafa Qoli Khan Mir Shekar Moghadam, who was from the Moghadam clan, took over their lands by force, and he considered "Chergar village" (in the north of Soltanieh) as part of the Moghadam clan's property, but at the same time, around 30 The grain was taken from the "Zarshakabadi farm" around Hidaj Nizo by "Mohammed Beg Yavar" and (by Fethullah Khan) and it was dedicated to the religious school of Hidaj, but later Fethullah Khan or the son of Mohammad Bey Yavor came and filed a property complaint and it was necessary to It is remembered that in the same days when Hidaj and Tiyul Ezz al-Dawlah became Qajar and Azdawlah also became the ruler of Zanjan city, or by the Qajar government after the suppression of "Zanjan Afshar" and he became the ruler of Zanjan, and in addition, from other social reporters of the Qajar era and the city of Hidaj It is also the book "Memoirs of Basir al-Molk Shibani Mostofi" that in 1301, 1306 AH, Mustofi was in the court of Naser al-Din Shah who was in Tehran and passed by "Hidej" for his tax audit. He writes that Hosseiniyeh Castle belongs to "Mir Shekar Moghadam" and the three-towered castle is new, and Basir al-Mulk Mostofi also writes that: I had entered Hidaj at sunset and I had asked Haji Abd al-Baghi Hidji to go to "Abadi Khorram" to resolve property disputes. "Let them come, but they didn't come either!"Also, regarding the lordly or non-khalase properties of Hedge, he also prepared Basir al-Mulk and a letter and gave it to "Mirza Nowruz", and in addition, it is necessary to remind you that the Qajar government, in order to generalize the agricultural lands around Hedge or Khorram Valley, and a number of farmers' households Isfahan, Wizd, and Maragheh, Vorosieh, or Takstan, Mako, and Bijarra in the Qajar era, and in the newly established neighborhoods of Hidaj, and in ten different neighborhoods of Hidaj, they brought farmers and 800 people or settled in Khormadreh, most of whom were not from the Afshar tribe of the region, and obeyed the Qajar court, and because the book Marat al-Buldan mentions about his native clans that the head of the Inanlu clan was Afshar Abhar during the period of Naser al-Din Shah and Safar Ali Khan Inanlu, and Nizam al-Sultaneh Mafi or the ruler of Zanjan during the Qajar period also brought a part of "Il Mafi" or the Kurds from Kakavand. He brought Ilam and settled in the north of Abhar and Lower Taram, or in the village of Qaqazans, who had ethnic differences with the surrounding villages of Abhar and Hidaj, and in the south of Abhar, the Qajar government also brought and settled a small tribe of Bakhtiaris, who are in the south of Farsjin Abhar and also in the same vicinity. They have established "Qajar Castle" and will destroy the Afshar clans of the region! And there are other people who saw Wahidj during the Qajar period and he is "Syed Ahmad Shabiri" who wrote in his travel book "Moli forest and Zanjan and the city of Qom" that he visited in 1315 AH and at the beginning of the period of Muzaffar al-Din Shah Qajar. He had landed in "Hidej's Coffee House" and he has some requests about Hidej in his travelogue, and it should also be said that Mullah Ali Heidej built a religious school in 1275 AH with the financial support of Naseruddin Shah, and the agricultural lands around it were the subject of a property dispute between several clans. Moghadam or the Afshar tribe of Qort was Biglobu or the subject of dispute was the Afshar tribe of Inanlu, and later they brought the "Kurd tribe of Kakavand" and were involved in property disputes, as well as Mirza Ali Sar Nashaddar, who visited "Hidej" during the Qajar period and in his travelogue He writes that: the village of Hidaj and Khalsa is Watiyul (Mirzataqi Rukn-ud-Dawlah Qajar) and it has a garden with abundant water and magnificent trees, and in addition, the school of Mullah Ali Hidji is located there! Today, the tomb of Mullah Ali Hidji is also located in that religious school! Also, the report of Mirza Ali Sar Nashedar and Hidaj is in the year 1288 AH that twenty years have passed since the suppression or destruction of Zanjan or its destruction by the Naseri artillery and in the same days of Naseri and Mohammad Taqi Mirza Rukn al-Dawlah Qajar by Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar had been the governor and ruler of Zanjan since 1283 1287 AH, and he had also taken "Kasbah Hidaj" from Naser al-Din Shah as a state tiwal! In addition, the book Marat al-Buldan also writes that: Abadi Cheshin Abhar, which is a villa of the Inanlu family, and a part of the tiwal Taghi Mirzarkan al-Dawla had become a Qajar! And it is in these days that the "Ministry of Endowments and Knowledge" of the Nasrid era was established, or the ministry that arose in the era of Naser al-Din Shah, and declared the lands of some villages around Hidaj as endowments, and in the old governments of Iran, there was no endowment ministry like the endowment lands of Badi Zarshek or The lands of Falaj village are being hedged for the endowment of a religious school!And while in the old days, the same "Zarshak Settlement Lands" and previously belonged to Malik Muhammad Bey, or the son of Ibrahim Khan, who had been employed for a while in the "Qajar Khamsa Army", but later because of his settlement, he fell out with the Qajar government, but the Qajar government and In the year 1290 Hijri, they made a "Waqf Nama" of Abadi Zarashak or a Waqf Nama of Abadi Falaj around Hidaj and named "Ownership of the Religious School of Hidaj" and a real estate deed. Among them (Fathullah Khan) objected to the "Tehran court" or the people of "Qara Aghaj village" next to Hidaj also complained to Tehran and Makra, but the Qajar kings and the scholars of Tehran want to issue a fatwa and say that Fethullah Khan and Sandi in He has no hand to "protest", but Fethullah Khan and his clans don't stop protesting or complaining! Even in 1293 AH, they prepared cavalry and attacked the city of Hidaj and its religious school! Or some They looted the property of the Hidaj religious school and took it to the village of "Qara Aghaj" and in the same year 1293 AH, Amid al-Mulk Qajar and Naser al-Din Shah and the ruler of Zanjan were killed! Either "Sardar Big Post Chi Bashi" or "Naib Chapar Khana Hedge" is sent to Hedge with the necessary military force, and the officer tries to recover the looted property, but again "Bala Khan" or the son of Fethullah Khan protests again (and probably Khanhai Mentioned and the tribe of Qort Biglo were from Afshar, and I have written an article about their ethnicity and around Sain Qala (Also above, Khan Varazi had inherited the village of Falaj from his father (or from Fethullah Khan Qort Biglo) and conflicts arose again. Eventually, the work will be dragged to the "conflict or sharia court" of Tehran and Zanjan! And this time, the Mirzai family intervenes in Zanjan, either Mullah Ali Hidji or Mullah Abul Fatah Abhari and some of the scholars of Tehran, who were Qajar court scholars, pass the Shariah court and claim that the properties around Hidaj are waqfs. They also claim that 30 barleys from the lands of Falaj village had been bought by Farajullah Khan and the court chief of Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar before and given to the Qajar court. And it should be suspended!? Therefore, during the historical period or the year 1293 Hijri and the position of Sardar Bey or Naib Chaparkhaneh Hedge is strengthened! who believed that he had bought Hidaj's lands legitimately! Venice still keeps the aforementioned lands in his hands, as Naseruddin Shah mentioned in his travel letter to Farangistan and the purchase of Hidaj's lands through him! Until in 1306 AH, and Mullah Ali Hidji or Sahib Hidaj's religious school dies, and this time the fate of the waqf villages around Hidji falls into the hands of his son (Mullah Abulfazl Hidji)! Again, the protests of the clans around Hidji begin, but again, Mullah Abulhasan Abhari and Mullah Abulfazl Hidji defend him! Until in this real estate dispute and regarding the lands of Hedge, this time the head of "Nabi Khan Moghadam" was also found and it is opened to the case of the aforementioned real estate dispute!It should be noted that Nabi Khan Moghadam or the brother of Mustafa Qoli Khan Moghadam Mir Shekarbashi was in the Qajar court or the Khan of the village of Chergar was there, and therefore the conflict with Bala Khan Qort Biglo also starts, and for this reason the book Khatat Ehtsham al-Sultaneh Qajar or Hakim Zanjan He writes that in 1306 AH and in his book he writes about the property conflict "Nabi Khan Moghadam and the people of the villages of Falaj and Zarshek around Hedgej and the Qajar leaders appealed to the students of the Hedgej religious school and they also wrote a letter to the Qajar court in the year 1306 Hijri and they send or complain and they say that Nabi Khan Moghadam has a bad opinion on the waqf lands of their religious school or has attacked! And this time it happened in 1310 Hijri and during the chancellery of Amin al-Sultan Sadr al-Azam and he also complained 32 students of the religious school defended the Hedge and therefore rejected the claims of Nabi Khan Moghadam or small ownership of the Qort Biglo tribe and then asked Mirza Baqir Khan, a special gunner of the Qajar court, to go to the Hedge and remove the land encroachments from Hasan Beg Moghadam. Hasan Abad Castle and the waqf lands were hedged and attacked! Also, the said letter of complaint was sealed by Ahtsham al-Sultaneh or the ruler of Zanjan in 1310 AH! But again in 1312 AH, Nabi Khan Moghadam again hedged and encroached on the private lands, and this time also Alaa al-Dawlah Qajar or the ruler of Khamsa and ordered again. It allows the removal of the invasion of Hidaj and by Nabi Khan to be prioritized!In addition, after the death of Naser al-Din Shah and the advisor of al-Dawlah, the Qajar chief, he also defended Mullah Abul Fazl Hidji, or the land endowed by his religious school in Hidji in 1314 AH, and asked him to give one-third of the lands around Hidji for his own religious school. kept and deeded a legal property which is related to the year 1319 Hijri, but again during the period of Muzaffaruddin Shah Qajar and Baz (Rahmatullah Khan or the son of Bala Khan Qort Biglo) and again complained about the property until 1323 Hijri during the period of Muzaffaruddin Shah and Fardi Named "Sayyid Muqtada Sayin Qalaei" and he comes to Mullah Gurban Ali in Zanjan, who had a Sharia court in Zanjan, and on behalf of the students of Hedaj, he files a land complaint in Zanjan, and to Mullah Gurban Ali Zanjani, he also defends Sharia from the endowment of real estate lands in Hedaj and Zanjan? It is also necessary to remember that it is stated in the historical documents that Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in 1303 AH and ordered Amin al-Sultan to give a certain amount of money from the revenue of the treasury to Mullah Ali Hidji or allocate it for the expenses of his religious school. It should be credited from the total revenue of Hidaj Qajaria lands and secured, or it should be done in the Zanjan tax inspector's office, where the official of Zanjan's tax department will also execute the order of Dasturshah, and then Mullah Abulfazl Hidji and the son of Mullah Ali Hidji or Hakim Hidji will also be left with the endowment of Hidj's lands. and they defend, but the problem of Hidaj's lands remained as it was until 1341 AH of land reforms, or it was accompanied by all kinds of conflicts, so after Mozaffari's era, the students of Hidij's school didn't do anything, or Hakim Hidji also immigrated to Tehran, and in addition, during the Pahlavi period, he also lost his destiny. The agricultural lands north of Hedge or Khormadreh were in the hands of Asr Pahlavi agricultural industry company, or in the hands of Sardar Jaf Kord, or in the hands of Senator Adel's farm, or in the hands of Senator Adel's farm. It will be built new and in addition, the seminary building of Hedge Sisters will also be revived (on Azadegan Hedge Street), but it was not like before, or they do not interfere in the agricultural lands around Hedge, but in the Qajar period, it was interfered with, or regularly with Khanin Moghadam and Khanin Qort Biglo and They had agricultural land acquisition, or both groups frequently sent complaints to Tehran, and they sent the family of Mir Shekar Moghadam and Saadat Qoli Hidji to Tehran to protect their interests in Tehran, on the contrary, some of the small owners of the residences of Hidaj also went to Tehran to complain about Mir Shekar's family. They are facing the opposition of Mirza Abu Taleb Zanjani or Mullah Ismail Soltanieh!Also, the complaint of Mir Shekar Moghadam clan and them was also because of several aqueducts that passed through the lands of Hidaj, or originated from the villages of Moghadam clan, or originated from the northern mountains of Hidaj and Sa'een Qala, but it was used mostly by the inhabitants of Hidaj, who used water Many of the same northern canals and they invested in their profitable farming and cultivation, and therefore it was often the subject of disputes between the parties, for example, once when the scholars of the complaint of Hidaj went to the Qajar court in Tehran or in the year of Hijri 1295, and the supporters of Il Moghadam or the Mir clan hunted them and their complaint letter. They take and tear it apart, and again in 1296 AH, the same Khanin Mir Shekar Moghadam attacked Hidaj again or besieged several villages around Hidj and injured several people from the surrounding area! Also, in Shawwal 1296 AH, Mir Shekar Moghadam, who is also known as Mir Shekar Moghadam, looted the animals and livestock of the people of Hedge, and Hakim Hedj, also sent a letter of complaint to the same Khanin Moghadam, and it should be added that the history of the ownership of agricultural lands in Hedj is the Qajar period, and there are many ups and downs, the minister who has long been the owner The agricultural and grazing lands and the ethnic system of the different tribes of Asia were intermingled, so each Asian nation, in order not to engage in war with other nations, tried to respect the ethnic ownership of others or respect the boundaries of that nation's lands, but the Safavid and Qajar governments were the first Asian governments that They messed up the "borders of ethnicity and property" in different regions of Iran, and after that, deep history and problems arose in the ownership of urban or rural lands in Iranian cities, or the production system of different Iranian lands was messed up! An example is the history of the lands of Hidaj settlement, etc. There was a government of the Qajar court, and after that history and types of theses of land reforms in Iran or land reforms of Latin American or African societies were proposed to solve the problems of ethnicities and social classes, and it is an example of this. From 1917 A.D. to 1999 A.D. in Russia, etc., to solve two reasons, which is the ownership and "big problem of land in Asian cities", but it has not been able to "social restoration" again, or in the law and social sciences faculties of the world, and "new scientific thesis" in this regard. give a presentation And for the purpose of writing this article or presenting a social example of ownership and the problems of ethnic ownership and the history of Hedge lands, I mention that today the problems of land use have also messed up, or have messed up the organization of the new planning and budgeting? Or economic coordination? Is it disturbing the provinces? Or has it disturbed the privatization thesis of Article 44, or has it disturbed the urban land legal department of the Ministry of Urban Development, or has it disturbed the rural land administration of the Ministry of Agriculture, or has it caused problems in the property registration department of the judiciary, or has it caused problems in the legal department of banks? It is messed up, so it creates a deep money laundering system in the people's production system! And this is while the founders of this new economic thesis are Iranians and the only thinkers of the Safavid era or the Qajar era who brought the new theory of capitalism to the soil of Iran and Asia, and without the foundations They should give their intellectual or ideological theory about the land ownership of Hedge, Khorramdre and other parts of Iran and give a social explanation to the agricultural, pasture and urban producers of Iranians!And the same farming people have a deep understanding of this way of production? And there will be no more problems? And yes, the changes in agricultural lands of Hedaj and during the Qajar period also have such a situation. So, it has returned once in a few years and it was supposed to be resolved by sending Qajar gunmen to Hidjum, but it has returned again and again, as I have mentioned in the historical documents of the agricultural ownership of this city. During the period of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, an individual named "Sardar Bey" was in the city of Hidaj, and he also had the post of Chi or the management of the Hidaj camp, and Naser al-Din Shah also wrote in his Farhgastan travelogue that he had also bought the agricultural lands of Hidaj! He used to live in one of the neighborhoods of Hedge, and he had built a stone bridge and a hole in Hedge, and when Qajar wanted to use the high-quality lands of Hedge for agricultural purposes, or to get government profits, he did not think about the consequences, or because the local tribes had swallowed up the people. Bigelow and Vainanlora did not consider that they would not be under the burden of this thesis of nationalization of Hedge lands!Therefore, they were regularly attacked and attacked, and the Qajar government also brought a number of non-native professional farmers from Isfahan, or brought them from Mako and Bijar, and took hedges and agricultural work in the agricultural lands and quality fields, in order to make a material profit for them and for their own cultivation and the claimant of Sanad. Taking personal agricultural ownership for their own cultivation and business was from the Qajar government, but the Qajar refused, or they demanded from the Qajar Khalsa administration, which the Qajar refused, and they also demanded a certificate of individual ownership of agriculture for their personal farming effort, but at the expense of the Qajar or The administration of justice was built in the Qajar era and did not give them this type of individual agricultural document, and it was like today when it declared Hidaj's agricultural land as a "characteristic" that had neither the real privatization document nor the government document of Qajar Raumi. And they did not give up their hard and laborious farming work and did not return to their cities, and this is the reason why the agricultural management of this type of farmers who migrated to Hedgej was placed under the supervision of a "government element", the same Sardar Beg Post as was the Qajar court in Hedgej (but like the days of In the old days, there was no agriculture in the villages, the minister was a person who did not have the position of the head of the hedge, and the Khan was not the owner of the hedge (therefore, like the old Iranian landowners, Vavi did not observe the prayer for the ownership of the hedge by the family or tribe, but he was like camels, cows and leopards, which were the examples of the students. The thesis of "property ownership" was responsible (which was not considered state ownership, nor private ownership of agriculture) (on the other hand, his individual agricultural subjects were also deceived and (they did not accept the agriculture of serfs like the former Khanin who sought a personal property document) They are not agriculture (nor were they considered "a model of cooperative agriculture" that Robert Avon, an Englishman, had set up in Europe, but they were "a mixture of defects and strangeness of ownership" in the soil of Asia that the Qajar government of Nasser al-Din Shah had brought to the soil of Iran, or its model to the eastern countryside. Zanjan was killed and still the personnel of the Privatization Department of the Ministry of Economy and the remnants of the Nasser era also think about the principle of privatization 44 that it is a pure and vague trait, so this kind of social thesis of mine is found in the privatization of Iranian agriculture or in Poultry farms follow a contemporary characteristic, or the Iranian Industries Administration follows a characteristic that has led to the closure of most Iranian industries, or has led to the closure of poultry farms and cattle farms in the last decade, and their corporate ownership registration system is also a vague characteristic in the administration. The registration of the documents of the modern Iranian judiciary has been formed, which has an ambiguous internet company registration and a type of pyramid company, and it does not have a place for permanent sharia and judicial establishment, which is like the ownership of the past days, or like the "property with a sharia and judicial durability" in the past, which led to "sustainable agriculture". Veya would lead to "sustainable production", but it has a vague internet ownership document and is beyond the reach of Iran's judiciary, whose manager is outside of Iran, and who changes the ownership document every so often, assuming that "the management of Tik Tok Internet in America is changed." It will be replaced by "the arrest of the owner of Internet Telegram in France" or it will be replaced by "the banning of Elon Musk's system" in Brazil or it will be replaced by the arrest of the manager of Huawei in CanadaOr with the filtering of Instagram and WhatsApp in Iran, it has changed and there is no alternative, yes, Vita does not have an alternative, which is the same as the "Islamic ownership document" and the historical continuity of ownership has been created, and with this type of online document registration, the judiciary of Iran and all real estate documents are destroyed, or in the online registration of offices. The official documents of Iranian cities are destroyed, or due to a lot of internet traffic and ownership is not created, or with the online complaint registration system, and all real estate documents are destroyed, such as the invalidity of purchase documents for houses, shops, or contemporary farms that They are corrupted, so with the least amount of money laundering, it is immediately removed from the "ownership of a first person" and becomes the property of another person, and therefore, in the system of the Privatization and Stock Exchange Affairs Department of the Ministry of Contemporary Iranian Economy, and such an online situation, there are ambiguous documents that have existed since the era of Nasser al-Din Shah. Qajar has started, or this type of huge problem of ownership has arisen and all real estate documents are ruining transactions, or digital check documents are a type of fraud, or internet bank deposit documents of all banks are being dragged into money laundering! which only drags the unfortunate Iranian producer to their futile efforts? And the Iranian government still does not have an answer for it, or they do not have a clear answer to the people of Iran about making all Iranian property documents online? And they don't have it for the people of Iran? How can all property documents and all individual ownership or ethnic, group, cooperative and family ownership of all Iranians be destroyed? Or does the ownership of the bank and the judiciary or the securities system of all Iranian people go to waste in the case of a car or property transaction or in the purchase of a house? Is the "history of Hedge land ownership" in the Qajar era and "an example of chaos and chaos of ownership" or was it created in the previous 170 years and has led to the chaos and chaos of industrial ownership today, or has it led to the agricultural problem all over the land of Iran? The false thesis started in the Qajar period, or it started with the process of "abstracting agricultural lands" of Hedge, and it created such a situation in production. The differences of all the local tribes regarding the cultivation of Hedge gardens were fueled, or the differences within the agricultural population of the Hedge migrant group Sardarbeg post government agricultural director Chi Hedge was encouragingwhich only drags the unfortunate Iranian producer to their futile efforts? And the Iranian government still does not have an answer for it, or they do not have a clear answer to the people of Iran about making all Iranian property documents online? And they don't have it for the people of Iran? How can all property documents and all individual ownership or ethnic, group, cooperative and family ownership of all Iranians be destroyed? Or does the ownership of the bank and the judiciary or the securities system of all Iranian people go to waste in the case of a car or property transaction or in the purchase of a house? Is the "history of Hedge land ownership" in the Qajar era and "an example of chaos and chaos of ownership" or was it created in the previous 170 years and has led to the chaos and chaos of industrial ownership today, or has it led to the agricultural problem all over the land of Iran? The false thesis started in the Qajar period, or it started with the process of "abstracting agricultural lands" of Hedge, and it created such a situation in production. The differences of all the local tribes regarding the cultivation of Hedge gardens were fueled, or the differences within the agricultural population of the Hedge migrant group Sardarbeg post government agricultural director Chi Hedge was encouragingOr it creates disputes in the irrigation of canals and hedges, which often leads to complaints or sending letters, or it leads to mutual damages, or it leads to differences in the cultivation and settlement of hedges with conflicting neighboring tribes, or it leads to differences in the distribution of the profits of agricultural products and so on. Did it lead to a dispute between the farmers of Hidaj and the government administrators of Hidaj city, or did it lead to a dispute with the Mustofis of the Qajar court in Tehran, etc.? Therefore, every few years, a strong dispute between the agricultural producers will arise in the settlement of Hidaj. The following article is about the history of property disputes of this type of village. Did the Moghadam tribes or the Qort tribe attack Biglo, or did the Kurds attack Kakavand and attack the lands of Hedge and Wami, and in addition, did they incite the agricultural dispute of waqf land or government land of Hedge Raw? Or did the differences between the group of the farmer and the production manager and the fertile fields of Hedge of the Qajar period and Damen " did you hit Finally, due to the aforementioned agricultural disputes or in the discussion with Mustofian in Tehran, it was decided that the ownership of three dongs from the agricultural lands of Hidaj should be in the name of the migrant Hidjis, or it would be issued in the name of the migrant population from other nearby villages and by the Qajar government, and the remaining three dongs And the government document should be issued to the Qajar dynasty or will it remain to generate income for the Qajar court and be used for court expenses, and the remainder of the Hedge grape harvest will be used for the Qajar administration? But with the extravagance of the Qajar court, it remained unsolved!And Faraza during the Nasrid period and that time, Sardar Bey took the post and the letter from all the inhabitants of Zare and Bekhbar Hedge to go to Tehran and take the ownership of half of the crops of Hedge for the farmers and the other half of the property to the Qajar court. He takes a group from the farmers or he takes it from the residents of different neighborhoods and takes it to Tehran, but he again betrays the same farmers without knowing it, and for example, after taking the title deed of the land from the Qajar court and the same deed of the land, he signs it in his own name or three dongs. Khalsa puts the title of Hidaj in his own name and a property deed, and eventually he becomes Sardar Bey or the head of Hidij's camp and the owner of Hidij's lands, and this type of property incident happens during the reign of Umid al-Mulk Qajar or the cousin of Naser al-Din Shah, who was the governor of 1295, 1301. that Umid al-Mulk was defeated by Shah Qajar and the ruler of Khamsa and the city of Zanjan, and as a result of the above-mentioned property disputes, it remained as it is, and on the contrary, some of the farmers of Hidaj were forced to leave the land of Hidaj and go to the countryside due to the lack of water in the canals or the lack of income from their agriculture. Either they return to their former cities, or the others complain again to Sardar Beg Varais, Chaparkhane, or the manager of Hedge agriculture, and to Alaa al-Dawlah and the Qajar ruler of Zanjan, but the same Alaad al-Dawlah, the ruler, did not pay attention to their complaint letter, and once again the same poor farmers of Hedgej and their complaint letter Mirza Mohammad Hossein Ashtiani or a famous cleric of Tehran is taken and they ask him for help and ask him and the Qajar court to pay attention to the sharia problems of the hedge farmers and this is the time when Alaa al-Dawlah and the ruler of Zanjan in 1313 and 1315 Hijri were in trouble and this Bar Warazi Khalsa took Hedge from the Sardar Bey or the head of the Hedge farm, but this time he sold the same Hedge lands to a person named (Mirza Kazem and his family in another neighborhood of Hedge), and from that date onward, Mirza Kazem's family and the owner of the lands became Hedge, and again some From the people of Hedge and their complaints, they take them to Tehran again or to Mirza Ashtiani Rouhani, but with the death of Naseruddin Shah in Tehran, it stops, and in the following days, again and again, 16 people from the heads of the ten villages of Hedge have filed a complaint against the inhabitants of the same farming villages. They are hedged and the complaints of the farmers of the hedged areas are taken to Mullah Mohammad Hasan Ashtiani in Tehran or they file a legal complaint with him, but they face the harassment of the same Mirza Kazem Hidji, who also pledges the agricultural property of the hedged to a foreign company. !Therefore, the problem of Hedge agricultural lands will remain as it is, or it will remain as it is until the Pahlavi era and the period of Pahlavi land reforms, and then a part of the productive lands north of Hedge or Khormadreh, and part of the agricultural and industrial lands of Ahed Pahlavi, or will be part of Sardar Jaf's lands or part of Senator Adl Ahed's farm It becomes Pahlavi and there is a similar situation regarding property disputes outside the Hidaj group, or there was a conflict with the neighboring tribes and the inhabitants of the villages outside the Hidaj, for example, in the lunar year 1310 or during the period of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar and the inhabitants of the village of Plas and north of the Hidaj. They find a property dispute, and it is assumed that the inhabitants of Plas village and north of Hidaj were from "Ukrads of the Kakavand tribe" who lived in the era of Karim Khan or came to that village during the era of Agha Mohammad Khan or they came and settled in some villages north of Abhar and Hidaj, but there are deep ethnic differences. And Maliki and the inhabitants left the Hedge, so in the mentioned year, the same as "Abadi Plus" and under the orders of Farajullah Khan Nasir Abadi, they attack the Hedge, including under the order of (Jan Weiss) and under the orders of Habibullah Khan. Either by the order of Abdollah and Bara in Habibullah and Shirkhan, Kakavand and Shabana, they attack the village of Hidaj and attack them, or they attack the herd of cows of Hidji and Shabana, or they steal them and take them to their village, and the settlement of Hidaj also counterattacks on the village of Plas, but they are defeated by shooting. They meet Mafi, who were from the clans related to Karim Khan Zand, and during these days, Hossein Qoli Khan, Mafi Saad al-Mulk, was the ruler of Zanjan by Naser al-Din Shah, or he was the ruler of the subordinate cities of Abhar, Hidaj, and Khorramdra, and he supported the attack of Akrad Kakavand, and therefore this type The property dispute with the inhabitants of Plas village also continued or with the inhabitants of other villages next to Hidaj during the Pahlavi era and continues! In addition, in the same year 1310 AH, Muhammad Ali Khan, or other Malik Abadi, next to Hidaj, claims that part of the lands of Hidaj or the water of the canals flowing from the rivers of Hidaj is also "belonging to his ownership" or he claims that the settlement The migrant farmer to Hidaj and during the Qajar era, they have usurped him!Either he claims that the water flowing from the aqueduct above the Hedge or the water flowing from the aqueduct in the middle of the Hedge and to the streams branching from them belongs to the ownership of his villages, or the testimony of "Hossein Qolibeg" is in the same direction that he was the owner of the Falji settlement and next to the Hedge, and such a claim He had a claim about the waters of the "seven canals of the Hidaj" and such a claim that they were connected to each other and used to drink the Hidaj lands and then poured into the Khorramdare river, and for this reason, the problem of the endowment of the Hidj lands during the Qajar era or the problem of the acquisition of the good Hidj lands And it was only for the benefit of the Qajar rulers, and on the contrary, it was against the greed of the farmers who had moved from other cities to Hidaj, and the scattered clans had formed in ten neighborhoods of Hidij during the Qajar period, and therefore they had Hidij against the neighboring tribes and various relationships in the new city of Al-Tasis. They did not think about the consequences of using canals belonging to the neighboring tribes for irrigation, so all the fertility of this fertile village became uncharacteristic, or it was affected by numerous complaints or scattered letters, or it was affected by the role of the gendarmerie in property and irrigation disputes, and finally The careless exploitation of the high-quality agricultural lands made it ineffective, or in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, it was ineffective in terms of the urban structure or the foundation of its neighborhoods, even in the vicinity of a small agricultural settlement, different clans were gathered together, or they lived with ten different family names, or In Hidaj, the Qajar period was formed, or they settled in the ten neighborhoods of that small town of Hidaj, which created the rule of Al-Tawaifi kings in Hidaj, who were constantly at odds with each other, and therefore every tribe in the ten neighborhoods of Hidaj also had a special type of god, including in the year 1300 A.H. and a Kadkhoda named "Kadkhoda Muhammad Taqi" claimed to manage the agricultural lands of Hidaj, or after him there was also "Kadkhoda Muhammad Ali" or after him there was also "Kadkhoda Muhammad Hanifa" and all of them were Kadkhodas of Hidaj, but after the revolution Islamic and instead of the same "Kadkhodas" and the position of mayor, or it was formed in this "big town" and therefore Mr. Jalil Karim Khani and the first mayor of Hidaj became Islamic after the revolution, or the urban guide plan of Hidaj was prepared in 1364, or the first city map was prepared. Hedge was drawn by the Emar center in the same year, and then in 1367, Hedge got many offices, or it had a telephone booth, a health department, or a police station, or a water and electricity treatment department, or it became the owner of some schools and high schools, etc., or in recent years, some new buildings or street construction. New places were formed in Hedge, and Khasare took it out of its former rural town shape, and in addition, the body of the old ten-year neighborhoods was also transformed! Or its old streets were also changed, and from the point of view of archeology, there is a historical hill around Hedge, which looks like It turns out that there is a historical hill called "Kat Tepe Si" and around Hedge, and there is also an old alley in the current Hedge, which for some time was called (Castle of Si Street) and now it is also called (Mohammed Yar Qoli Alley). "The Tomb of Hey Mardan" is one of the old neighborhoods of Hidaj, which is probably the first neighborhood of Hidaj during the Ilkhanid period!In addition, it has some Saqqah houses from the old days or from the Qajar period, and in addition, it has the remains of four old mills, which the inhabitants of Hidaj until the middle of the Pahlavi era used to mill their wheat fields around Hidaj and in the same four traditional mills of their tenth districts and then take them to their homes. Today, instead of a silo tank or a new flour factory, or what has been replaced by the traditional Hedge mill, or urban plumbing or the city water department has also come and replaced the irrigation streams of the former Haft Kanavat Hedge, or the domestic bathroom of new houses has also come and replaced the traditional bathroom of the old neighborhood. It has been hedged, or the names of four traditional mills are hedged and are as follows: 1- traditional mill of Vakil Askar Degarmani 2- traditional mill of Agha Degarmani 3- traditional mill of Seyed Baqer Degarmani 4- traditional mill is "Ket Degarmani" and also from the point of view of urban sociology Vehidej has some mosques built in the Qajar era or the Pahlavi era, which were built in its ten neighborhoods, for example, the first Heidej mosque was built in 1250 AH, or it was built by Haj Mohammad Qoli in "Yar Qoli Heidej neighborhood" and it was opened in 1349. It is being built and besides, the Haj Muhammad Mosque belongs to the "Mursli Hidaj Clan and Family" which was built in the "Mursli Hidj Neighborhood" and also the "Hidej Jama Masjid" was built by Mullah Ali Hidji in the era of Naser al-Din Shah Qajaro and is a school. Religion was attached to it, or it is the "Old Hosseinieh of Hidaj" or "Sadat Hidaj Mosque" which was built (in Sadat Kazemi neighborhood of Hidaj or in one of the ten neighborhoods of Hidaj) and is currently located on Ayatollah Taleghani street of Hidaj, and another is the Seyyed Mosque. Ebrahim (or the 14 Masoom mosque now in Hidaj) and another one (Mosque of Hazrat Abul Fazl in "Rafi Abad Hidaj neighborhood" which is one of the ten famous families settled in Hidaj during the Qajar period) and the remains of Agha Seyyed Baqir Hidji's mill. It is located in (Mohib Ali Hidaj Square) and it is from other clans that migrated to Hidaj in the Qajar era, and also from other families and clans settled in the ten villages of Hidaj (the Yar Qoli clan) and another is the "Salehi clan" of Hidaj. They lived in the ten neighborhoods of Hidaj and Veta before the revolution and took their birth certificates with the aforementioned surname, and the families of the aforementioned ten in the Qajar era were about 800 people until the Islamic revolution that happened in 1357 and grew to several thousand people living in the town of Hidaj. But after the revolution, the population of immigrants from other rural or suburban ethnic groups increases until the state of country divisions and the state of "rural town is removed from the concept of a city" and is transformed into a municipality or new offices, as well as the new immigrant population. The surrounding villages or new administrative and technical employees from other cities came to the city of Hidaj and settled or found employment in the new technical and agricultural jobs of this city, so its population increases after becoming a city, and this is the reason that after Hidaj became a city in the year 1364 and based on the statistics of Zanjan province planning organization published in 1364 and its population had increased to about 1657 urban households, which had about 7500 people, so it is possible to become a city, but before the revolution and the population of Hedge was low.There were 5,000 people, so it remained rural in terms of country divisions, or from the Qajar period until 1364, and all the Pahlavi Era, Varshad was not an important city, so it remained only a "rural town" with a small population! And in addition, in recent years, due to the expansion of industrial towns around Hedge or due to industrial horticulture in and around it, the technical or labor population of that city increased, or the engineering or employee population and urban transportation of Hedge Adjid increased, and in addition, the last population census of Hedge took place in 2018 and the population It shows the city of Hedge even more than in the past, so today it is located in the distance between the Angoristan region of Sain Qala and the Angoristan regions of the Afshar region of Shal and Varamand, south of Qazvin, or around the vineyard and the modern city of Hedge, which is one of the semi-modern agricultural cities of Iran, and one of the important provinces of the province. Zanjan has many modern vineyards or good industrial gardens and is located around the hedge and supplies a large part of the grapes to different cities of Iran. In addition, with the increase in the technical population of the fields or vineyards and the types of urban facilities, the hedge will also increase or new buildings will be built in the hedge. are built, or new irrigation and technical jobs have been formed in that city, or shops selling fertilizers, packaging, transportation, and agricultural sales companies have been created in Hedge, or they have grown in new Hedge shops, while before Hedge became a city in 1364. In the old days of Hidaj town, there was only one main street called "Hakim Hidji Street" and two side or small streets, one of which was called "Bahman 22 Street, the other was called Khayyam Street and there was a continuous alley called Foroughi Street or some The alleys were crooked or thatched, which was between the ten neighborhoods of Hedge, which were mostly built in the late Pahlavi era, which gave a semi-urban form to the face of this rural town of Hedge in the Pahlavi era, but it grew after the revolution or with the growth of its modern agricultural businesses. Or they have built several new streets in Hedge city, including: Shahid Rajaei Street or Shahid Beheshti Street or Shahada Street or Molvi Street or Quds Street or Shahid Ali Naghi Street or Vali Street or Imam Khomeini Boulevard or 22nd Bahman Street or Taleghani Street and Azadegan Street.It is Hedge and with the developments of its urban economy and all its streets increased or new squares, shops, offices and residential buildings were found. Finally, I would like to add that in the year 2010, in my provincial and ethnological research, I had compiled a research pamphlet for the city of Hedge which was about It is 48 pages, but I had not published it until now, but in the present article, I have written only a brief part of my research, which is related to "ownership, ethnicity, and urban areas of Hedge" and about Sayen Qala, Sajas, Sehrvard, Khormadreh, Angoran, Tarem, Vezjan, Bahar, etc. I have published in all kinds of paper or online publications after 1368 and now also on "my internet publication site" and I have about 268 thousand readers of my articles and before 1384 also in paper publications and ethnographic articles. I wrote, or I used to write urban studies, or I used to write articles on Iranian studies, and today I have more than 1500 articles, and before that, every week, about three thousand people, cultural or student readers, read my articles in various Iranian paper publications, which were published and edited regularly from 1368 to 1384. They were done and their documents are all in the archives.
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