Sa'in Qala Zanjan and the pressures of its gorge - Dr. Mohammad Khaleghi Moghadam
Sa'in Qala Zanjan and the pressures of its gorge
(The central fortress of Il Afshar Kochroi route)
part 1
From Dr. Mohammad Khaleghi Moghadam
Specialization in Ethnology from University of Tehran
The geographical geography of Zanjan province, in the form of different urban or rural habitats (in the past, it was the center of the Afshar people's location), and I have described it in my book called Zanjan, the land of the Afshar peoples. It is possible that they lived in Sain Qala and Hidaj, and the majority of the population of Abhar city or its suburbs were also from the "Inanlu Afshar branch" that Nader Shah Qarakhlu Afshar had made Abhari and (Abul Hasan Afshar) the ruler of Isfahan after expelling Afaghaneh from Isfahan. In the book of Abbasid scholars of the Safavid era, the Inanlu tribe of the region is also mentioned, and most of the inhabitants of Zanjan were from the "Irlu Afshar branch", which are the remnants of the Turks of the Seljuk and Khwarazmshahi periods, or the Seljuk Amir Shirgir, the ruler of Abhar, or his grandson, Amir Bahauddin Haidar. who built the Abhar castle (source: p. 58 Nazhat al-Qulob) and he was his grandson, and the inhabitants of the villages of Sejas River were also mostly from the Afshars of Osanlu, who were also in the Mongol attack, and "Qara Ghosh Khan was a Turk and the military commander of Suhrvard, or Yaltgin, a gunner, and the commander of the garrison of Sejas and It was the period of the Mongols, and in addition, the Turkish Sultan Muhammad Khwarazmshah escaped from the Mongols and spent a week in the Qohud Castle (or in Sain Castle of Zanjan and Saru Jahan-Junb Fortress) and was a refugee from it. The same book and the military guards of Qahud Castle in Zanjan were killed against the Mongol army, or Qahud Castle, or Sain Qala, or (their iron castle) was also destroyed! So the Seljuk Turks or Khwarazmshahi were forced to leave politics, or they abandoned the administrative system of the cities, or They abandoned it for 300 years, and this time they turned to the pastures of the mountains and plains outside the cities, or to the willow herds .And this time, the Mongols and Timurids came to work, and they had kept only two important forts in "Sain Qala", and during their period, there was no important urban center in these areas, but European tourists in the year 1082 AH and once again from "Sur and Bari" were again populated by Sain. Zanjan Castle discusses! And I don't know if their new castle was built during the Turkish government of Qaraqvinlu, who expelled the Mongols from Sultanate in the year 850, 860 AH? It was on pages 376 or 740 of Khalid's book and at the beginning of the Safavid era, he talks about "Mansur Beyk Afsha" in these areas, and this is at the beginning of the Safavid rule, or it is beginning in Iran, that several Turkic clans, including Shamlu or Rumlu Wataklu and Dzhul Qadr also came from Turkey, Rum, Sham, etc. and came to Iran and became part of the military members of the nascent Safavid government. The great Afshariya people were from the Seljuk period or 500 years ago and they were in Iran during the Seljuk period (Shamla Afshar) (source of history) Ibn Athir) and the tribes of Turks were warriors and warriors who tried to collapse the government of Agh Quyunlu, and some of them were cut off from the new Ottoman government and came to Iran. The Seljuks of Ankara (Ankara, Turkey) and the Turks of Ankara (Turkish Turks) and the Timurids in Herat or the Turks of Samarkand and the Uzbek Turks would form three hostile governments together so that the East India Company could establish itself in the middle of Asia. Therefore, the bloody war of these three warring Turkish tribes of Asia started and continued for about 230 years, or seven Turkish tribes were warriors, and they must have been among the military companions of Iran or became military disciples of dervishes born to Sheikh Safi, and even the military barracks of this dervish family had the name of Ardabili and a suspicious family. They were educated with their Armenian women by suspicious European missionaries, or by merchants and caravan owners of European countries, and among the illiterate tribes and shepherds, they found an Asian profession and a charismatic personality, so that their government would stand up, or the son of this monastery or Sheikh Safiuddin Ardabili would stand up! And the family that did not have a kashkul or anything else, or did not have a sword or money, or riding a horse, or attacking and fleeing, and they did not have anything to form a government in Iran or anything else in the same monastery of Ardabil! And recently it was not known whether Shah Abbas is the same Sheikh Safi with the tricks of the British and Fazzandan? Or was it Turkish and Dagestan in Asia? Or is it from Legazi clan etc.? whose relatives also knew Turkish! Or the one who moved to Iran with 400 families and Arab scholars or replaced the old missionary scholars of Iran! who had different thoughts about the "institution of religion" or about the "land ownership of Iranian peoples" and Iranian clans, tribes, and Iranian families. Therefore, the same family of Sheikh Safi and 400 families of Arab clerics moved from Jebel Amel Lebanon to Iran, or they settled in different cities of Iran, or among the army. Shepherd was his fledgling profession and they were promoting "Shah Soni" in his favor!And because before, none of the old clerics of Iran were willing to accept this type of royal family, or it was not their government model, so that it would be established in different cities of Iran and the "East Indian trading house", so in this historical period, the Europeans and Mortaba and the court of Isfahan and different cities of Iran They came, or there were a lot of European travelers or Armenian immigrants from Jolfa, Tabriz, and Rumiyya, etc., who traveled back and forth, but they did not exist during the old regimes, or they stayed for a long time, or they were all kinds of European conspiratorial tourists who learned politics or punished the city of Vandan and the Safavid kings. They were either giving modern European weapons through the "Moscow Company" to Shah Tahmasab or Shah Abbas, or they were the English Shirley Wright brothers who taught them modern weapon-making training in the workshops of Isfahan! But until now, real historical documents are not offered in Iran? Or has it been kept hidden until now! Therefore, there are few Iranian historians who have dared to abandon Iranian demagoguery and this time to introduce the real nature or the real face or the real function of the Safavid government in Iran! And because the nature of the faculties This is how history or history books are written in Iran! So the historical facts are dragged into the mud! But the "false ideology" of the Safavid era at that time and for the construction of such a new political institution in Iran or for its political institutionalization among the Iranian peoples and for a long time It didn't last! And soon after the disgraceful defeat of Chaldran, Shah Ismail fled to the Kharghan Plain and became a heavy drinker, and then as a result of that drinking in his youth, he died, and then his son came, and the dispute between these seven tribes of Turkish warriors and the Safavid royal family became fierce. The dispute and the military engagement became acute! And therefore, the 50 years of Shah Tahmasb's rule in Qazvin was accompanied by controversy, or it was accompanied by mass complaints and gatherings outside the Safavid palace, or it was accompanied by shooting at each other in the presence of the king and so on! Or was his urban governance method questionable? Or was it about the system of land ownership and the ownership of the aforementioned tribes? So, about the ideology of governance, his associates gathered in Iranian cities and the same people! Or about the class system ruling the cities and the same people, they were drawn into a dispute, and finally his military army clashed with Shah Tahmasab was killed! Especially in the three wars of 927 AH, which happened near the city of Sain Qala Zanjan, which was near his palace in Qazvin, and another occurred in the bloody war of 994 AH, which led to the action of the same Turkish groups and the defeat of the Shah. Ismail became the second, who had a different ideology from Shah Ismail the first, or his father Shah Tahmasab's ideas and had a difference in political beliefs!Therefore, his father was imprisoned for a while and the "Third War" occurred at the beginning of Shah Abbas's period, when the political differences became deeper, and Shah Abbas could not stay there due to the growth of his opponents in the city of Qazvin and was forced to go to the city of Isfahan, and the result of these three The bloody war was also because the Turkish tribe of Romelu or the Teklo Turkish army left Iran and could not stay in Iranian cities and left Iran again or took refuge again in their fatherland and Ashmani soil, and the Ottoman government also accepted them and gave them shelter. There is only one tribe and only one small tribe is left in the suburbs of Toisarkan! Or the Turkish family of Zul Qadrham, and first went to Shiraz, Vajeram, and took control of the mentioned cities, and then their heads were killed during the Shah Abbas era, and their place of government was also transferred to Armenian Khans, such as the Armenian Allahvardi Khan, or the Armenian Imam Qoli Khan, in Shiraz, or Lar, Bandar Abbas, Bandar Jask, and Bandar. Bushehr and Hormez were given to establish all kinds of East Indian trading houses in those cities in the south of Iran! Or the government of the cities of Isfahan, Wizd, and Kerman, or Baft, Bezwar, Tarbat, Jam, Kazon, Wiasuj, Shushtar, and Shadgan of Khuzestan, which were in the hands of Khanin Afshar, whose ancestors were the Atabakans of Fars, or the Atabakans of Yazd and Khuzestan, or Hamedan, or the Atabakans of Lorestan, and at the beginning of the Safavid period, they were also called "descendants of Shamla." During the Seljuq era, Afshar was the governorship of all of them, or he had asked them for help in the administration of the cities, and Shah Ismail had also asked them for help, so first the administration of the said cities, after the meeting of Shah Ismail I, was in the hands of the same great relatives of Afshar, or he was given in the same area as the guards of the castle. Whether they are the same cities, or they are road guards, or they are the guardians of the security of the people of the cities and at night, or they are as city guards!But later, he was accompanied by Shah Abbas I and all of their leaders were killed in the mentioned cities, and the clans and ethnic groups under their supervision resumed their old herds in their own villages, and 50 volumes of the book written by Safavid era, Vanboh, are among the names of this type of Afsharie Khans. Is it or does it state that they were killed at the hands of Shah Abbas I, after their assassination and the government of Kerman, Baft, and Jiraft fell into the hands of Ganj Ali Khan, an Indian Sikh, while his villages were full of Afshari Turkic villages in Baft, Vajiraft, and Bardsir, or the administration of Kandahar was given to the Sikh Khans of the Indian religion. Gurgin Khan was given Georgia and like Ganj Ali Khan, he was an Indian Sikh who was installed in the government of Kerman, or he built Ganj Ali Khan's square or bath in the city of Kerman, so that the East Indian trade house could be opened in the market of Kerman, and his son also became the ruler of Kandahar, who followed the rebellion of the Gholjais of Kandahar, or the administration Some of the above-mentioned cities were given to the Georgian rulers, such as Gorgin Khan, or Farhad Khan, etc., who were from the Lezgi or Circassian rulers, and the administration of the cities of North Khorasan, such as Esfrain, Qochan, Shirvan, and Jnoord, were given to the Kurds, and in addition to the region Bijar and Qorwa of Sandaj, Shah Abbas and a large group of black men brought Mansour to Iran, all of whom were Kurds from Turkey. And they did it to the people of Iran, either the Kurdish tribe moved Zanganeh from Turkish Kurdistan, or they brought it with the policy of the British and made the governor of Kermanshah, Sahne, etc., and made some of them the ministers of Shah Abbas II and Shah Suleiman, so that the East India Company could be thrown away from the Shirin Palace and the administration of the cities. South Khorasan, where most of the Arabs were Khazima and Birjand, or the Arabs of Mish Mast, Tabas and Gonabad, or the Arabs of Laluvi, or the Amir Arabs of Kashan and Zavara, or the Ash'ari Arabs, or the Maqsodi Arabs of Kashmir, or the Arabs of Bastam, etc., were the Arabs of the early centuries who migrated to South Khorasan! The names of their tribes are also mentioned in Golshan Murad's books, or in Muhammadan history, or in Murat Baldan, etc., and they made the headship of all their villages fall into the hands of Khanin Khazima Arab, who had a big castle in Birjand, Kashmir, and Zabul, under the supervision of Mr. Asadullah's grandfather. Alam Khuzima was English and Arab, or his fathers were Arab, Dr. Iqbal was the British Prime Minister, who was an Arab from Kashmir, or the head of Iran Oil Company, or the first influential person in Mashhad! And the Stajlu tribe, who had a strong interest in money, property, and possessions, tried to separate the unhappy Turks from the rest of the tribes and sent them only to own some villages in Gilan and Talesh Khalkhal, which are still English-speaking areas in these areas for several centuries! And only a small part of the Shamlu tribe remained in "Shamulu Malair village" or a small population called "Bigdali Shamlu" and remained in some villages of Bezine River or Garmab Khamsa.From the "Qajar people" only a small population remained in the "Gorgan Castle" and the rest returned to their ancestral pastures in the territory of Armenia and west of the city of Ganja. He was a general or one of the commanders of Helako Khan, and Helako Khan had included them in the same land system of eastern Armenia and western Ganja for several centuries, and therefore, with the design of the Europeans, the entire forced military structure of Iran was changed during the Safavid era, and Shah Abbasi caravansaries appeared on the roads. Only the name had been changed, and previously all Yamkhanehs were Genghis era or Mughal or Timurid era chaparkhanehs, but during the era of Shah Abbas, they changed the name of all of them, and this time they named it Shah Abbasi Caravanserai, so that the trade monopoly of Iranian cities is only in the hands of the same Armenian merchants. Otherwise, it was the Shah's own authorizations, and in addition, there was the creation of a military vacuum in this vacuum that disrupted the structure of Iranian society, but again his European advisors taught Shah Abbas that because the Iranian Kurds in the west of the country and the Sunni religion will not abandon themselves, or only a part of them. And the name of the Ardalan family with the Shafi'i religion and the fortress of San Dej (Sanandaj) and Saqqez remained, but they gave large parts of that area that belonged to Ata Bekan Sanghar and were given to the Black Khans of Mansour Mohajer, who displaced about 7 thousand families from Turkish Kurdistan and fought alongside. Sain Qala Zanjan took part to fight in favor of Shah Abbas or to fight with 7 Turkish clans, all of whom were old Turkish tribes and disaffected with Iran, or all of them were against the Safavid government! Therefore, about 10 thousand Turkish warriors participated in the third war of Sain Qala Zanjan. They fought with the army of Shah Abbas and Wami, but he was alone and had sent only a few hundred troops from Isfahan, and for this reason, the policy demanded that about 7 thousand Turkish Kurdish families act instead of the internal Turks, or they were brought into Iran, and a part of them went as Kurds. Siah Mansour moved to the Afshar lands of Zanjan, Gros, and Qorwa of Kurdistan, and a small part was called Kurd Zanganeh, and they moved to the south of Kermanshah, and they chose some of their Safavid ministers from among the Kurds of Zanganeh, such as Sheikh Ali Khan Zanganeh, who was the minister.Therefore, about 10 thousand Turkish warriors had participated in the third war of Sain Qala Zanjan, or they fought with the army of Shah Abbas and Wemi, but he was alone and had sent only a few hundred troops from Isfahan, and for this reason, politics required that about 7 thousand Turkish Kurdish families Do the internal Turks act or have they been brought into Iran, and a part of them moved to the lands of Afshar, Zanjan, Gros, and Qorwa of Kurdistan as the Black Kurds of Mansur, and a small part of them moved to the south of Kermanshah as Zanganeh Kurds, and some of their Safavid ministers also came from among the Kurds of Zanganeh. They chose someone like Sheikh Ali Khan Zanganeh who was a ministerTherefore, about 10 thousand Turkish warriors had participated in the third war of Sain Qala Zanjan, or they fought with the army of Shah Abbas and Wemi, but he was alone and had sent only a few hundred troops from Isfahan, and for this reason, politics required that about 7 thousand Turkish Kurdish families Do the internal Turks act or have they been brought into Iran, and a part of them moved to the lands of Afshar, Zanjan, Gros, and Qorwa of Kurdistan as the Black Kurds of Mansur, and a small part of them moved to the south of Kermanshah as Zanganeh Kurds, and some of their Safavid ministers also came from among the Kurds of Zanganeh. They chose someone like Sheikh Ali Khan Zanganeh who was a ministerAnd some of them were brought to the cities of Esfrain, Jnoord, Shirvan, Qochan, Chenaran, etc.that Khorasan is also mentioned in the historical book of the Kurdish migration, and that subject is mentioned, so that they too will not come to Mashhad against the attacks of the Uzbeks or Turkmens of the Sunnis, or stop the attack on the cities on the edge of the desert of Iran, so that they do not attack or take the property and girls of those cities. But those Turkish Kurds wanted only their own interests, or their only goal was to become Shiites, or to come to the pastures of North Khorasan and acquire free lands, whose inhabitants had fled for years, or to abandon their lands and pastures against the bloody attack of the Uzbeks, such as Obaidullah Khan Uzbek, etc. The Kurds had left the lands of Esfrain, Guochan, and Shirvan and moved inside Iran, and therefore the war confrontation with the Sunni Uzbeks was not the goal of those new immigrant Kurds, they were only looking for their own interests or their own land, and for this reason, they did not have much sensitivity in preventing the Uzbek attack. Or because of the attack of Hanafi Sunni Turkomans, they did not have religion, they came from this side of the border and this side of the border, or they acted in Takht and Taz on the soil of Iran, so Shah Abbas I was forced to choose a small branch of Qarkhlu Afshar and the region of Takab Afshar, which is the bravest They were a branch of the Afshar tribe and they moved to the villages of Kalat or Dergz, or the Turk tribe migrated to Bayat from Azarbaijan and to Neishabur, so that they too could stop the attack of the Uzbeks on the city of Mashhad, and in addition to that, the inhabitants of the southern cities of Khorasan were also indifferent Arabs, or as in the Jacobite history and the history Yamini and others have come and before, most of them were from the Khawarij Arab tribes of the Umayyad era, who came to Sistan and South Khorasan, and later, together with Abu Muslim Khorasani, they became pro-Bani Abbas Arabs and put Bani Abbas to work, but with the arrival of the Seljuk Turks inside Iran, who were a brave people and more numerous than the Arabs of Khorasan, and with the selection of Isfahan as the capital by the Seljuqs, who bordered the villages of Khorasan Arabs, or with the wrong proposal of Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk, who was Tusi, and the Arabs of Khorasan felt threatened that they were closer to the areas under their control, and so They changed their ideology again and this time the Arabs of Khorasan and Shia Haft became Imami or in the Qahestan area which was famous for the mountains of Qaynat and was a historical source and it continued from Birjand and Damghan and they built about 100 Ismaili military castles and numerous books of Ismaili castles in Iran or other books of this era. They refer to the Arabs of this area of South Khorasan, and some of them bordered with Isfahan and in the areas of Nain, Kashan, Wardistan, Wardkan, etc., most of them were the descendants of Amir and Ash'ari Arabs, etc., which the book of Qom history refers to in the fourth century, and their emigrants were mostly to Isfahan, and in addition In the mentioned cities, there are also the names of famous and well-known Arabs who express their history, culture, and artistic tradition in the names of the streets or villages or the title of the owners of elegant houses. It was in the east, so from the mentioned period, Seljuqs, Khwarazmshahs, and Timurids fell in with the Turks, who had seized power, and for this reason, the movement of assassination of Seljuk leaders was used, or the assassination of Seljuk employees or Iranian scientists who were writing in the Seljuk or Timur administrative courts, and many documents were released. The history of Iran is the assassination of the children of the TimuridsTimur Turk governors in Iranian cities and by disaffected Arabs of South Khorasan, which existed for several centuries, or by following the military sect of the Ismaili caliphs of Egypt, or by various kinds of assassinations by Seljuk ministers or Turkish soldiers of Khwarazmshahi, and for example, some of Timur's children Turks and them suffered a blow or even the assassination of Shah Rukh Timur who was assassinated with a dagger by the Arabs of South Khorasan and in the city of Herat, but he recovered after the treatment of his stomach wound, and therefore the Arabs of South Khorasan or the cities on the edge of the desert became Shiites, or they converted from the Haft Imami Shiites to Shiites 12 Imami was expedient and the only goal of some of them was to visit the Safavid court in Isfahan or to collect money from the treasury of Isfahan, whose men were mostly from the cities of Kashan, Wardistan, Na'in, and Yazd Arabs. It shows that all of the men of this type were from South Khorasan, which has not been analyzed historically, so during the reign of Shah Ismail I, the same political goal was pursued towards the city of Tabas, etc. They gave up the religion of the seven imams of the former Ismailia, and this time they gave up the fourth religion and changed their religion, or the expedient Shiites became subordinate to the Safavid court, so that they all attached themselves to the Safavid court and paid taxes in the treasury of the unfortunate Iranian subjects!But the same Arabs of South Khorasan or the Arabs of Yazd, Vanain, Kashan, and Wardistan at the same time when the Sunni Afaghenes from across the border wanted to come to Iran, or they used to pass through those villages and cities of South Khorasan and came to Kerman, Yazd, and Isfahan until the Safavid Shiite government. And in Isfahan, they did not subvert their thoughts or cooperate with the Sunni Afaghaneh, nor did they show military sensitivity during the 6-month siege of Isfahan by the Afagheneh, nor did they bring Azooqah and wheat from hundreds of cities in South Khorasan, or from Nain and Kashan, where Shah Abbas's grave is also in that city, and in the same way. They didn't send the capital of the Shias to fall, while the closest Iranian cities were to Isfahan, so the ideology of expediency or benefit of becoming Shia has such a function, and they acted like the Kurds of North Khorasan, so except for the Turks of Azerbaijan and the sensitivity to the attack of the Sunnis and the Shia capital, or to the Imam's Mashhad. They were not satisfied, because the Arabs living inside Isfahan were the same as the Alab remained part of the Ismaili sect, and for example, in the era of Sultan Hossein Safavi and the fortress of Isfahan, it was the Arabs of Isfahan that fell, but they hated the Iranian civilization, or the Iranian civilization created by the Khwaja administrative system. Nizam al-Mulk Tusi were pessimistic and looked at the administrative culture of Khwaja Nasir Tusi or Khwaja Jovin Khorasani with hatred, who taught the Mongols the correct administrative culture or the correct culture of zamindari, or taught them to respect the rights of the farmers' subjects, or the urban civilization or the architecture created by the civilized Turks. They were pessimists in Isfahan, and they still did not believe in Isfahan during the Seljuk period, and for this reason, the tombs of several Abbasid caliphs in Isfahan are still their favorite, or the Arab market of Isfahan, which Nasser Khosrow discusses with him, and therefore after the assassination of Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk Tusi, it is owned by the same Ismaili sect. Isfahan, who were nested in Isfahan mountain fortress, and a few months later, the death of the Seljuq King and the movement of the Isma'ali sect of Isfahan occurred, and this was accompanied by the burning of Isfahan Jame Mosque, or the burning of the 100,000-volume library of Isfahan, which they undertook, or the burning of Isfahan's Nizamieh, or They started to set fire to the palace of Malik Shah Seljuq and the door of Isfahan, until Barkiarq Seljuq and Sultan Muhammad fled from Isfahan and came to Sajas and Hamdan to continue the rule. Or the employees of the Seljuk government were killed in Isfahan, or they were killed while passing through the alleys and by the people of Isfahan, or they were assassinated at night, and then they dragged their bodies and took them inside their homes, and then threw them in the well of their homes, and their inscriptions were unknown to their families, so these are the Arabs. The city of Isfahan, where most of them were immigrants from the villages of South Khorasan or Arabs from the desert cities near Isfahan, and Isfahan also had a large population, and they have preserved their family culture for years, and when they saw that Sultan Jalaluddin Khwarazmshah was going to enter Isfahan, they wrote letters. They asked the Mongols to rule Isfahan instead of the Turks of Khwarezmshahi and the Mongols themselves!Also, the cultural heritage of Isfahan still has a way of thinking, after centuries, and is not willing to revive Isfahan's army as a cultural heritage of Iranians, or is not willing to revive the tomb of Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk, the unfortunate in Isfahan. Either he has a strong interest in the Baha'i sheikh of Arab origin, and therefore the English and Arabic civilization of Isfahan is deceiving all the people of Iran, or the choice of the Persian language by them is a political ploy more than the civilization of all Iranians who speak Persian, and they only accept this way, but they do not speak Barzban. They bring or the Turkish language of 50 million people of Iran, or they don't accept their thousand-year administrative civilization, or they don't accept the Kurdish language, and in addition, after the Ilkhani era, they also accepted the "civilization of Al-Muzaffar" that several governors of Isfahan and Al-Muzaffar were of Arab descent and pledged allegiance to the Abbasid Caliph. or they accepted the civilization of Al-Muzaffar as higher than the advanced civilization of the Timurids, and because of the defense of the governors of Al-Muzaffardar, Isfahan and many of the people of Isfahan were put in danger against the army of Timur, while most Europeans or writers of the world consider the civilization of the Timurids to be the highest Asian civilization, but the local Arabs The people of Isfahan, whose second language is Persian, and they did not accept it, and the Arab-speaking neighborhoods of Isfahan have been resistant to Timurlang and historical documents, so there was resistance during the rule of the Timurid governors in Isfahan, or during the rule of the Turks, Qara Quvinlu or Aq Quvinlu, and the city government. Isfahan was like that, and the culture of obeying the appointees of those governments was not there in Isfahan, and therefore the governors of the aforementioned periods faced hundreds of problems, which historical sources refer to, and for this reason, it was also the same in the Safavid period, and Allah Vardikhan, an Armenian, ruled over Isfahan and was better than Amir Aslan. Khan Afshar was considered a Muslim by the Turks, and the wise Khan who had been appointed by Shah Ismail I to rule Isfahan, or the head of this clan, had taken Afshar's warrior from "Sain Qala Sultaniyeh" to the city of Isfahan, and in order to protect the safety of the people of the city, he did not go to Isfahan to be angry with them. Or, according to the same book by Dr. Lotfollah Hanarfar, which he wrote and the types of drinking water streams he had drawn to the urban areas of Isfahan, but after the Sain war, he ordered Zanjan Castle and Shah Abbas and "Farhad Khan" to destroy the houses of two thousand soldiers of the "Afshar Arshlo clan of Isfahan". that Shah Ismail and Anan had taken as the defenders of the Isfahan castle, or as guards of the city and the streets, and they had not gone to Isfahan on their own, but the same kind of disaster was brought to the heads of the castle keepers and Afshari defenders of the Yazd, Kerman, Sabzvar, and Torbat Jam castles. Or, according to most historical sources, it was a genocide of the Afshar tribes during the Safavid period, when the father of Barzag Safavid took them and his family to the military protection of different cities of Iran in order to gain power, but with this kind of ugly behavior towards the Shia Afshars who guarded the castle. They preferred that the Afshars and only Ganj Ali Khan, an Indian Sikh, replace the Afshari ruler of Kerman and install his bronze statue in the same square that is the symbol of an Indian Sikh khan in the Shiite city of Kerman today? Or so-and-so Georgian Khan, or Legazi Khan, or Armenian Khan, and replace them in the cities of Iran, and the Sikh Khans of Armenians and Legazis in the Afaghaneh attack on Isfahan and no supplyThey didn't have a war against Afghanistan, so they handed over Iranian cities to Afghanistan and the Ottomans. After that, the bitter incident of the killing of Amir Aslan Arshlo in Isfahan, and I still don't know if Isfahan was saved from the hands of Afaghaneh by Nader Shah, and by a Khan of Afshar. Abhari and instead of the rule of "Ashraf Afghani" over Isfahan, was Nader Shah Afshar's right action or was it one of Nader Shah's wrong actions? To be like the past days, the inhabitants of Isfahan and none of them were willing to accept a kind of civilized urban governance from the Afshari Turks, but rather they accepted or preferred the corrupt and patriotism of the Safavid or Qajar rulers, so the model of governance of the Qajar rulers of Isfahan was that of the Zandiye or Qajar era. It is a type of cultural type and it should be added that "civilized political acculturation of cities" is not mandatory, but requires the cultural acceptance of the inhabitants of the cities so that they do not cover the intentions behind the scenes of the members of their neighborhoods or hide their political conformity and dreams from the central government, while acculturation Politically in Iranian cities, it is the opposite, and every influential group in a city is interested in taking away another Iranian nation's land, property, life or land at the necessary opportunity or after relying on power. After the murder of Nader Shah, all the Afshari Khans of Azerbaijan or its people were killed, and their mistake was due to their deep ignorance, which instead of trying to take all the indifferent Iranian tribes, alone or on behalf of the others, they wanted to take all the rest of the lands from the hands of the Afghans and the Ottomans, and to the same indifferent tribes of the cities. So they gave up, and in the end, the opposite happened to their wages, and they were quickly angered by all the Iranian tribes, and after that, all their lands and the population of Azerbaijan were taken away from them, with the secret support of the British, and it fell into the possession of the same small Iranian tribes, who were smart enough to reveal their political culture and to achieve this goal. Secretly or underground, Vakhilis were killed in the cities of Azerbaijan or in the last 250 years, which shows the political culture of smart Iranian peoples, that today they are all talking about democracy, and I only know that if Nader Shah Afsharagar had stopped making mistakes or attacking He would take the land of India or China, which was coveted by the British, and he would be satisfied with his own rule in the land of Iran, and he would choose the city of Tabriz and Sultaniyeh as his capital, and not Mashhad, which was made Turkish by 14 corrupt Arab or Khanin Khans. They were administered and Mashhad was the most dangerous city to continue the rule of his Afshari family and because there was no "Afshari army" in the city and for the "survival of his government" and the whole fate of the city was in the hands of 14 khans who were traitors to the great treasury of Nadir Shah or the family of Nadir Shah and by "gang politics" They were "administered" and probably in the absence of these political mistakes, he would have survived and his children or grandchildren would not have been killed. Khorasan and Fathabad of Qochan were corrupted by 14 khans, or the Arabs of North and South Khorasan would not have been looted, as the documents of Majamal al-Tawarikh refer to that issue, and in addition, the rare treasury that had been brought from 20 Asian countries would not have been looted, and the power of the Arab Khans of Birjand or Tabas would not have been looted.And Kashmir, Gonabadu, Quchan, and Jnoord could not be destroyed, and by looting the treasury of Nader Shah and the cities of Khorasan, they established all kinds of wealth and land holdings for themselves, and finally, in order to preserve those riches, they blinded the descendants of the Shah, and for the survival of the usurped property, they built and lost with Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar or Fatal Shah. agree and cause that with their support, all the Qajar troops marched and during the 112 years of the Qajar rule, they completely destroyed all the cities of Azerbaijan, or killed the inhabitants of most of the villages of Azerbaijan, or seized and usurped their villages by force, or became the Khalsa of the Qajar court or its rulers? And the disgraceful history of Great Azerbaijan after the murder of Nadershah and his children is such that all his armies and villages or cities of Azerbaijan were great, and the history records of Alam Ara Naderi or Jahangasha Naderi etc. indicate the birthplace of the Azerbaijanis of Nader Shah's army, but with the conspiracy of 14 khans of Arab descent or Kurdish descent from Turkey It did not continue in Khorasan and its government, or on the contrary, in the last 25 years, the population of Great Azerbaijan was endangered, and it was for this reason and political considerations that Khorasan thinkers Halakukhan, Timur, or Tughrel Seljuq preferred to bring their own government to the cities of Tabir and Sultaniyeh instead of Nishabur, Tus, and Jawin and those kings. And when one of the Seljuq or Ilkhanid kings died, and the many Arab residents of those cities did not conspire and destroy the continuation of the rule of the children of that state? If Nader Shah had not made such a mistake, and perhaps the "civilization of his Afsharia government" would have lasted, like the civilized Seljuk government, or like the Timurid government, he would have lived for at least 170 years! In addition, the cities of Azerbaijan, Karaj, and Urmia were blessed by the treasury of Nadir. It would have been prosperous if the accumulation of treasury had become rare, or it would have been more prosperous than the current era because of the work of its wise employees! In addition, all other Iranian ethnic groups also benefited from the benefits of a civilized and prosperous government instead of the corrupt rulers of Zandi and Qajar and they all benefited from the blessing of the wise and powerful administrative system of Afsharia (and instead of the unsupplied Zandi and Qajar) and all Iranians benefited materially, scientifically, technically and artistically, and Afshariya government and its wise employees were going to last because unlike all the Iranians and the Safavid government, whether alive or Qajar, they were all harmed, either because of their superstitions or administrative ruthlessness, and all the Iranian peoples were only hurt, or because of the corrupt government of these three completely British governments, and all of them only They suffered financial loss, or during the last 400 years of Iran, thousands of Iranian citizens were killed, or they were often destroyed, or their farms were destroyed, or they were caught in a war with the inhabitants of other Iranian tribes!In addition, they were hurt by the unsupplied government of Zandiyeh, and the family that was from a tribe of 300 families of Zandiyeh, which was not accepted by the 4 major clans of Iran's Ler, until the ruler and capital of Karim Khan Zand and the land of Lorestan or Khorramabad, or with the acceptance and support of most of the Ler and their government. The rest should either be located in Kurd city and in the lands of Bakhtiari, so that it would have a greater position of acceptance of Ili, and because the documents show that the Khanin of Bakhtiari were more than anyone else and opposed to Zandiyeh, or their capital would be in the city of Yasuj and the valleys of Kahgliviyeh, they would find a higher position as a minister. Which of the Ler Iranian clans or the Ler Iranian clans or the Iranian Ler Khans were not in favor of the Zandiyeh government or did not accept the Zandiyeh clan of 300 households and they knew them and they knew very well that Nader Shah and the small Zandiyeh clan had been exiled because of their banditry on the roads or others exiled from the south of Malair to Neishabor (quoted from Jahangashai Naderi's book) and it was for this reason that the various leaders of Iran made good political submissions to Zandiyeh and it was for this reason that finally the British, who supported them, had to choose Shiraz as their capital. It was close to the Persian Gulf, and by providing modern artillery, etc., they operated in Shiraz, or they were near the British commercial and warships in the Persian Gulf, or they brought their British agents to power in the city of Shiraz. Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar allowed him to enter their capital, or the treasury of Shiraz was taken from Shiraz by the same influential agents, and in Shiraz, from the hands of corrupt and eternally drunken kings, and in the hands of Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar and Fethlish Shah Qajar, who were more corrupt than him, or a small, Mongolian family of Qajar descent was also like this, and in one They were located in a small town called Agh Qala, east of Gorgan, and the small tribe was composed of 6 small clans, and they were not like the great Persian clans of the Afshar clans, which consisted of hundreds of clans and warrior clans. In addition, the second Qajar king was also the last Safavid king, or the likes of Sultan Hossein Safavid and Shah Ayash Waz Bareh. There were different types of harems, or both of them had the art of politics and power, and only the art of harem breeding to build the multi-faceted palaces of Isfahan, which is the cultural heritage of Isfahan, and only shows the urban corruption of the rulers of Isfahan, or in the said city. Instead of creating security facilities to protect the homeland and protect the city, they only had numerous harem facilities, or they managed their own 1,000-woman crew, and Tehran was a capital city similar to Isfahan during the Qajar era, and for this reason, the Qajar kings had built hundreds of pleasure palaces in Tehran, or had harems. They had done or they had stopped exploiting the poor Iranian subjects! Like Ishrat Abad Palace or Sahib Qaranieh Palace or Sultan Abad Palace or others.And the book Marat al-Buldan is full of this type of palaces and it has listed at least 50 types of palaces and harems in Tehran, and while in order to maintain the sovereignty and only, other Iranian tribes were sent to the war of other nations, and they themselves were busy in the harems of Tehran. Afshar, Qort, Biglo, Sain Qala, were sent to the battle of Bushehr, or they were sent to repel the British ships, or the Afshar tribe of Inanlu Abhar was the same, or the Afshar tribe and Sanlu Sejas were sent to Zanjan to ward off the conflicts of Garmsar and Mazandan, or they were only used to serve their Qajar objectives. And they didn't allow them to live in Abhar or Sain Qala, Khormadreh, livestock, and healthy agriculture, or in their ancestral land, and because of their majesty, they gave their agricultural lands in Abhar to the inhabitants of other Iranian cities. Instead, the mentioned tribes were forced to fight in the cities of Varamin, Garmsar, Jnoord, Mazandan, and the enemies of Qajar, and vice versa. The small tribe of Mafi was brought from Ilam and Arazi angered them, or with the connivance and leadership of the British Mafi monarchy, and instead of raising healthy livestock, they took them from the villages of Ilam and were busy exploiting the people of Bushehr in the lands of Bushehr. And others did what the tribes of other regions had encroached on the lands of native inhabitants in the north of Abhar or Khorramdara, and at least during the Pahlavi period, they brought Jaf or Salar Jaf to the north of Khorramdara, or the tribes of Jaf, who were Iraqi Kurds, brought them to the ground with their conflict policies. They moved the people of North Khorramdara so that the farming and industry company of Khorramdara or North Hedge would be given to them, or they established the farm of Professor Shams, who was a senator of Asr Pahlavi, and they did not let Afshar, a native of Abhar or Khorramdara, take their destiny into their own hands. The Afshar people of Inanlu or Qort Biglo did it by themselves and instead they gave it to the Kurds of Jaff Dar Ha Shiler, Iraq, and the same thing that Shah Abbas did, and due to not having a place among the Afshar clans of Azerbaijan, he was left alone, so the Kurdish people dragged Turkey to the soil of Khamsa or called it " "Black Mansu" brought them from the territory of Ottoman Turkey and brought them to Zanjan, which, according to the historical sources of the Safavid era, Khalil Khan Siah Mansour, or Dalutyar Khan Siah Mansour, and the ruler of Zanjan, Angoran, Wasjas, and Sain Qala Zanjan, or Khan Zanganeh, Khan Kolani, or Safi Qoli Khan Gamasht and Anan also oppressed the city of Zanjan during the Safavid and Chenan period, which turned Zanjan into a ruin, and if during the period of Shah Tahmasb and the city of Zanjan, according to European travelers, there was only one town with 2000 households, but at the end of the Safavid government, it became less or during the rule of several Khans. The black Kurds of Mansour or Zanganeh and Kolani in Zanjan or Bar Sajas and Sehrvard and the population of Zanjan decreased so much or they killed so much that the population of Zanjan changed from a population of two thousand households to a population of 800 people, and at the end of the Safavid government, it was transformed into tribes. I advise the various and numerous people of Afshar country to learn from their past bitter historical experiences, or I remind them to learn from the history of the great people who have spread from Karaj and Aru in different cities, so I remind them of the people. I know that they should give the adventures of the country open like the Seljuk era or the Qara Quyunlupayan era orThey should stop the mistakes of the Afshariya model and not be proud that they were able to overthrow the European civilization of Byzantine Christianity in Turkey, because the result is that the European countries acted mutually and killed the small Iranian peoples, just like during the Seljuk period, the power seeking revenge He took it by launching 100-year crusades from abroad and in the lands occupied by the Seljuks in Syria and Iraq and defeated their power, or internally by launching the terrorist Arab sect of Isfahan, Naqainat and Alamut, and the same Turkish people and the rulers of the cities of the Seljuk government. He forced, or, by starting the thesis of changing the territories of the provinces during the Safavid era, he moved a lot, or by bringing the immigrant Kurds from the territory of Ottoman Turkey and into their country, he caused the lives of the unfortunate inhabitants of Afshar, Urmia, Takab, Zanjan, Sehrvard, Vasjas, and Angoran, which caused many crimes or destroyed houses. The actions of Dolutiyar Khan Siah Mansour and ruling over Zanjan are so many, or he was so many in dominating the cities of his suburbs and Zanjan, that finally Shah Abbas Safavi was forced to replace Dolutiyar Shah Mansour and other Kurdish khans in Zanjan! And this is the same type of adventure of the Afshariya leaders and in the attack on the Indian soil, either the British government forced them to kill Nadir Shah by giving money etc. scatter them and the Turks will fall out of use and besides Shah Nader Shah and his family will be killed innocently! Or they will be killed by his bodyguard officers and later the same Khanin Afshar will kill each other in the bloody war of Saman Arkhi, 10 kilometers west of Zanjan, or about 100 thousand A soldier or an officer of the Afshariya army killed each other, or because of revenge for Nader Shah's bloodlust, or because of taking possession of his looted treasury, they killed each other, and then the political power was removed from their hands, or Nader Shah's looted treasury was given to Khoranian Arabs of Khorasan, or to the Kurds of North Khorasan, or to some others. Arab traders of Isfahani descent and residents of Zanjan, some of them stayed in Zanjan by deception or settled after the Saman Arkhi war, but they still do not give up their claims or write books against the city and claim that they are descendants of Khaled bin Wold Arab, and sometimes They also claim that they are supporters of the continuation of the Safavid dynasty and that Nadershah was a usurper, or that the Safavid government was better in Isfahan, and that they consider it their pride in the brilliant history of their family and the ownership of 1300 villages in Zanjan province, or that they have written several volumes of books on this subject. Their writings have extracted the opposite result and condemn the inhabitants of the city that they fought with Nader Shah and Afaghaneh, and it is not clear that the Safavid sultan Hossein's rule and its extinction by Mahmud Afghan Gholjaee are Sunnis? Or by Nader the Shiite king who usurped the Safavid government? Vanader, the Shiite king who expelled Afaghaneh, and on the other hand, had worked gold in the shrine of Razavi or in the shrines of Karbala and Jaf, and now he is called a usurper.Naderi's opinions show it (but these Arab court writers of Isfahan or some Iranian scholars have written to tell others that Nader Shah wanted to re-spread the Sunan religion in Iran, and therefore he was a usurper against the Safavid kings or Has an Armenian of Safavid descent been oppressed? Therefore, his government was not legitimate and it was good that he was killed, and they also brought several Russian writers with them, or the Freemason history professors of Iranian colleges also repeated the same points in their books. Israel is with them and he curses Nader Shah, and Jalal Al-Ahmadi, who traveled to Khark Island with the money of an English oil company, or owned a villa with the money of an English oil company in Islam Talash, but in his writings such comments are disgusting or offensive and about Nader. Is there a king? And there is a king whose conscience would not allow him to let the whole of Iran be in the hands of foreigners? And if it wasn't for the same Nader Shah, now "De Orazan" and the birthplace of Jalal al-Ahmad, in the Taleghan region, would have remained in the hands of the Sunnis, and he himself could not have been in the university. To study in Tehran, Iran, but he was forced to complete his writing in Kabul University? In addition, this type of unscrupulous writings also exists in the case of Jahanshah Afshar of Zanjan province!And the unfortunate Khan, who was the largest Afshar khan in Zanjan province, relatively healthy, and for about 90 years had provided the security of all the villages or cities of Zanjan province, or was it in the shadow of his authority and "Afshari education", because even though he had some disadvantages, his khan's authority was different. Or in terms of rural sociology or his ownership and style of ruling over the lands and his tribes, etc., it was not like the model of Khani Sheikh Khazal in Khuzestan, or like the model of Ismail Khan Samiqud in West Azerbaijan, or like the model of Farmanfarma in Kerman and Fars, or like the model of the rule of shares of Al-Dawlah, and He was not the ruler of North Khorasan, and besides his cruelty and brutality to the subjects under his rule, and as they write, he was not so severe that everyone hated him, but some people exaggerate it, and he implemented a kind of khanate system with the culture of the Afshar people in the hardships of Kedar. Kard said that it was a "type of ethnic patriarchal government and education or is it in the process of agricultural production and maintaining the security of the region" and his "authority model of Khan's government" can be recognized by "scientific mechanism" and only sociologists understood it, but it is unknown to others? "For this reason, during the 90 years of Khan's patriarchal rule, he did not lose sight of himself, but he was always supported by the Afshar clans under him, and he behaved socially in such a way that he was successful in the conflict with his neighboring rival clans, and he was often greedy for the Afshar villages of the province. They had Zanjan, but none of their rivals in the region could, they had men or weapons, but they could not implement their demands, or the 43 corrupt Qajar rulers of Zanjan wanted to, but they could not, or the courtiers of Tehran did not dare to act on the villages under his control. do or have personal material plans to rule the minister, in which case he could mobilize two thousand armed warriors and violent Afshari supporters in the shortest period of time, or neutralize the opponent's plans, and if he oppresses his subjects a lot, he is supported by the military of his clans.